Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Lodi, Milan, Italy.
Riv Psichiatr. 2019 Mar-Apr;54(2):84-89. doi: 10.1708/3142.31249.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an early onset clinical condition characterized by attention difficulties, hyperactivity and impulsivity which can persist across the lifespan, significantly influencing the evolutionary course and facilitating the rise of psychiatric comorbidities. The presence of different ADHD subtypes in adults is a heterogeneity factor to be recognized in order to orient prognosis and treatment, as indicated by studies that described differences in the characterization of different subtypes in relation to both severity and comorbidities.
In the present study we evaluated the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of adults with ADHD and the characteristics associated with the different disorder subtypes. We described 60 patients aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age 34.1) with primary diagnosis of ADHD consecutively admitted to the Regional Centre for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults in Milan.
We observed high severity of symptoms and low quality of life, in particular in the "life outlook" dimension. The subtypes distribution was the following: 18.3% inattentive subtype, 8.3% hyperactive/impulsive subtype and 70% combined subtype. The hyperactive/impulsive subtype showed a significantly higher frequency in females, while the inattentive subtype was more frequent in males. Patients with the hyperactive/impulsive subtype showed worse quality of life and more frequent anxiety disorders.
Considering the different clinical profiles among various subtypes, these data add relevance to subtypes classification of adult ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种发病早期的临床疾病，其特征为注意力困难、多动和冲动，这些症状可能会持续一生，极大地影响疾病的发展过程并促进精神共病的出现。在成年患者中存在不同的 ADHD 亚型是一个需要被识别的异质性因素，以便为预后和治疗提供指导，因为有研究表明，不同亚型在特征上存在差异，包括严重程度和共病。
本研究评估了一个 ADHD 成年患者样本的社会人口学和临床特征，以及与不同障碍亚型相关的特征。我们描述了 60 名年龄在 18 至 65 岁之间（平均年龄 34.1 岁）的患者，他们均被诊断为 ADHD，并连续被收入米兰成人 ADHD 诊断和治疗区域中心。
我们观察到症状严重程度高且生活质量低，特别是在“生活展望”维度。亚型分布如下：18.3%注意力不集中型、8.3%多动/冲动型和 70%混合型。多动/冲动型在女性中更为常见，而注意力不集中型在男性中更为常见。多动/冲动型患者的生活质量更差，焦虑障碍更为常见。
鉴于不同亚型之间存在不同的临床特征，这些数据为成人 ADHD 的亚型分类提供了更有意义的依据。
