工作场所暴力：埃塞俄比亚西北部医护人员的决定因素与患病率：一项基于机构的横断面研究
Violence at work: determinants & prevalence among health care workers, northwest Ethiopia: an institutional based cross sectional study.
作者信息
Yenealem Dawit Getachew, Woldegebriel Manay Kifle, Olana Ararso Tafese, Mekonnen Tesfaye Hambisa
机构信息
1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
2Department of Public Health, College of Health Science and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2019 Apr 3;31:8. doi: 10.1186/s40557-019-0288-6. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Workplace violence is the intentional use of power, threatened or actual, against another person or against a group, in work-related circumstances, that either results in or has a high degree of likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal development, or deprivation. The aim of this study is to assess magnitude and predictors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in health facilities of Gondar city.
METHODS
Institutional based cross sectional study design was employed to conduct this study. The study conducted in Gondar town from February 21 to march 21, 2016. Five hundred fifty three health care workers selected from health facilities of Gondar City administration. A stratified sampling technique was used for selecting the study subjects through simple random sampling. Data was collected by structured self administered questionnaire which is adapted from ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI after it is pretested & prepared in Amharic. The data was coded and entered in to EPI info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. The degree of association for variables was assessed using odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and -value ≤0.05.
RESULTS
The prevalence of workplace violence was found to be 58.2% with [95% confidence interval (CI): (53.7, 62.3)] in which verbal abuse 282(53.1%) followed by physical attack 117(22.0%) and 38(7.2%) sexual harassment. Working at emergency departments [AOR = 3.99,95% CI:(1.49,10.73)], working at shifts [AOR = 1.98,95%, CI: (1.28,3.03)],short experiences [AOR = 3.09,95% CI: (1.20,7.98)], being nurse or midwife [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (1.20,13.74)] were positively associated with workplace violence. The main sources of violence are visitors/patient relatives followed by colleagues and patients.
CONCLUSION
workplace violence is major public health problem across health facilities and the Ministry of Health should incorporate interventions in its different health sector development & management safety initiative.
背景
工作场所暴力是指在与工作相关的环境中，故意使用权力（无论是威胁还是实际行为）针对他人或群体，导致或极有可能导致伤害、死亡、心理伤害、发育不良或剥夺的行为。本研究的目的是评估贡德尔市医疗机构医护人员工作场所暴力的严重程度及其预测因素。
方法
采用基于机构的横断面研究设计进行本研究。研究于2016年2月21日至3月21日在贡德尔镇开展。从贡德尔市行政机构的医疗机构中选取了553名医护人员。通过简单随机抽样，采用分层抽样技术选取研究对象。数据通过结构化自填问卷收集，该问卷是在对国际劳工组织/国际护士理事会/世界卫生组织/公共服务国际组织的问卷进行预测试并翻译成阿姆哈拉语后改编而成。数据进行编码后录入EPI info 7版本，并导出到SPSS 20软件进行分析。使用比值比及95%置信区间和P值≤0.05评估变量之间的关联程度。
结果
发现工作场所暴力的患病率为58.2% [95%置信区间（CI）：（53.7, 62.3）]，其中言语辱骂282例（53.1%），其次是身体攻击117例（22.0%）和性骚扰38例（7.2%）。在急诊科工作[AOR = 3.99, 95% CI: (1.49, 10.73)]、轮班工作[AOR = 1.98, 95%, CI: (1.28, 3.03)]、工作经验短[AOR = 3.09, 95% CI: (1.20, 7.98)]、是护士或助产士[AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (1.20, 13.74)]与工作场所暴力呈正相关。暴力的主要来源是访客/患者亲属，其次是同事和患者。
结论
工作场所暴力是医疗机构中一个主要的公共卫生问题，卫生部应将干预措施纳入其不同的卫生部门发展和管理安全倡议中。
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