Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia.
United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, FFSRU, College Station, TX 250047, USA.
Poult Sci. 2019 Oct 1;98(10):4777-4786. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez193.
The gut microbiota has an important effect on poultry health and production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Colombian oregano (COO), Lippia origanoides Kunth, essential oil supplementation on broiler chicken performance and their cecal bacterial microbiome by 16S-based sequencing. Essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two COO levels in feed, 0 ppm control (C) and 100 ppm (O), were evaluated in 2 groups of broilers either unchallenged (U) or challenged (E) with a viable attenuated Eimeria (coccidia) oocyte vaccine. Four treatments, UC, UO, EC, and EO, were distributed among 720 one-day-old male Ross broilers randomly placed in 24 pens. Cecal contents DNA was extracted and pyrosequencing was performed following a standard procedure. Pyrosequencing data were processed, and sequence reads were phylogenetically classified. Similarity of membership and structure in the communities were calculated. At the end of the study, the greatest COO effect was found in coccidia-challenged broilers, with an OE body weight of 1,889 ± 52.4 g with respect to 1,799 ± 36.2 g for CE (P < 0.01). Broiler cecal samples were consistent in that phylum Firmicutes and class Clostridia were highly prevalent; COO had no effect on these taxa levels between the 4 treatments (P > 0.05). A positive correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between the Firmicutes:Bacteriodetes phyla ratio against body weight at 35 D of age. This study provided both positive and negative correlations between broiler body weight against some bacterial groups identified, offering perspectives regarding bacterial groups and their impact on host health and metabolism. Lippia origanoides Kunth high thymol content showed a beneficial effect on body weight and the feed conversion ratio in broilers under coccidia challenge.
肠道微生物群对家禽的健康和生产有重要影响。本研究旨在评估哥伦比亚牛至（COO）、Lippia origanoides Kunth 精油添加对肉鸡生产性能和盲肠细菌微生物组的影响，采用 16S 测序。精油通过蒸汽蒸馏提取，并通过气相色谱/质谱分析。在未挑战（U）或用活减毒艾美耳球虫卵囊疫苗（球虫）挑战（E）的两组肉鸡中，评估了饲料中的 2 个 COO 水平，0 ppm 对照（C）和 100 ppm（O）。4 种处理，UC、UO、EC 和 EO，分布在 720 只 1 日龄雄性罗斯肉鸡中，随机放置在 24 个围栏中。提取盲肠内容物 DNA，并按照标准程序进行焦磷酸测序。对焦磷酸测序数据进行处理，对序列读取进行系统发育分类。计算群落的相似性和结构。研究结束时，在球虫挑战的肉鸡中发现 COO 的影响最大，OE 体重为 1889 ± 52.4 g，CE 体重为 1799 ± 36.2 g（P < 0.01）。肉鸡盲肠样本一致，厚壁菌门和梭菌纲高度流行；COO 对 4 种处理之间这些分类群水平没有影响（P > 0.05）。Firmicutes：Bacteriodetes 门比率与 35 日龄体重呈正相关（P < 0.01）。本研究提供了肉鸡体重与一些鉴定的细菌群之间的正相关和负相关，为细菌群及其对宿主健康和代谢的影响提供了新的视角。高百里香酚含量的 Lippia origanoides Kunth 对球虫挑战下肉鸡的体重和饲料转化率有有益的影响。
