College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78045, USA.
Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 21;16(8):1424. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081424.
Athletes possibly experience a great deal of stress which may cause anxiety and burnout. Athletes' perceptions of their coaches' behaviors influence their performance and psychological well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between athletes' perception of their coaches' coaching behaviors and burnout, and also to examine the medication effects of competitive trait anxiety on the relationship. A total of 368 collegiate athletes participated in the study, and their ages ranged from 20 to 26 years old ( = 21.21 years, = 1.07 years). A cross-sectional research design was employed to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling are utilized to analyze the data. Trait anxiety in athletes had a significant correlation with athlete burnout as well as significant pathways. Controlling coaching behaviors were significantly related to athletes' competitive trait anxiety, whereas autonomy-supportive coaching behaviors were not significantly related to trait anxiety. A significant positive pathway from controlling coaching to trait anxiety was observed. The bootstrapping results indicated a significant and indirect pathway from controlling coaching to athlete burnout via competitive trait anxiety. Given that controlling coaching behaviors affected trait anxiety and, in turn, burnout, it is concluded that coaches should provide less controlling coaching to reduce anxiety and burnout in athletes.
运动员可能会经历很大的压力，这可能导致焦虑和倦怠。运动员对教练行为的看法会影响他们的表现和心理幸福感。本研究的目的是调查运动员对教练的指导行为和倦怠的看法之间的关系，并检验竞技特质焦虑对这种关系的影响。共有 368 名大学生运动员参加了这项研究，他们的年龄在 20 到 26 岁之间（ = 21.21 岁， = 1.07 岁）。采用横断面研究设计来收集数据。描述性统计和结构方程模型被用来分析数据。运动员的特质焦虑与运动员倦怠以及显著路径有显著的相关性。控制型教练行为与运动员的竞争特质焦虑显著相关，而自主支持型教练行为与特质焦虑不显著相关。从控制型教练到特质焦虑有一个显著的正向路径。自举结果表明，从控制型教练到运动员倦怠的途径是通过竞争特质焦虑的显著和间接途径。鉴于控制型教练行为会影响特质焦虑，进而影响倦怠，因此可以得出结论，教练应该提供较少的控制型教练，以减少运动员的焦虑和倦怠。
