School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Monash South Africa, 144 Peter Road, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1725, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 May 31;10(6):2214-40. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10062214.
Nurses have been found to experience higher levels of stress-related burnout compared to other health care professionals. Despite studies showing that both job satisfaction and burnout are effects of exposure to stressful working environments, leading to poor health among nurses, little is known about the causal nature and direction of these relationships. The aim of this systematic review is to identify published research that has formally investigated relationships between these variables. Six databases (including CINAHL, COCHRANE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PROQUEST and PsyINFO) were searched for combinations of keywords, a manual search was conducted and an independent reviewer was asked to cross validate all the electronically identified articles. Of the eighty five articles that were identified from these databases, twenty one articles were excluded based on exclusion criteria; hence, a total of seventy articles were included in the study sample. The majority of identified studies exploring two and three way relationships (n = 63) were conducted in developed countries. Existing research includes predominantly cross-sectional studies (n = 68) with only a few longitudinal studies (n = 2); hence, the evidence base for causality is still very limited. Despite minimal availability of research concerning the small number of studies to investigate the relationships between work-related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and the general health of nurses, this review has identified some contradictory evidence for the role of job satisfaction. This emphasizes the need for further research towards understanding causality.
护士比其他医护专业人员更容易经历与压力相关的职业倦怠。尽管研究表明，工作满意度和职业倦怠都是暴露于压力工作环境的影响，导致护士健康状况不佳，但对于这些关系的因果性质和方向知之甚少。本系统综述的目的是确定已正式调查这些变量之间关系的已发表研究。六个数据库（包括 CINAHL、COCHRANE、EMBASE、MEDLINE、PROQUEST 和 PsyINFO）被搜索了关键词的组合，进行了手动搜索，并请独立评审员交叉验证所有电子识别的文章。从这些数据库中确定了八十五篇文章，其中二十一篇根据排除标准被排除在外；因此，共有七十篇文章被纳入研究样本。大多数探索二项和三项关系的已确定研究（n = 63）都是在发达国家进行的。现有的研究主要包括横断面研究（n = 68），仅有少数纵向研究（n = 2）；因此，因果关系的证据基础仍然非常有限。尽管关于调查工作相关压力、倦怠、工作满意度和护士总体健康之间关系的研究数量很少，但这项综述已经为工作满意度的作用提供了一些相互矛盾的证据。这强调了需要进一步研究以了解因果关系。
