The Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
The Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 Jul;65(1):15-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.024. Epub 2019 Apr 19.
Positive youth development (PYD) has served as a framework for youth programs in high-income countries since the 1990s and has demonstrated broad behavioral health and developmental benefits. PYD programs build skills, assets, and competencies; foster youth agency; build healthy relationships; strengthen the environment; and transform systems to prepare youth for successful adulthood. The goal of this article was to systematically review the impact of PYD programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Targeted searches of knowledge repository Web sites and keyword searches of Scopus and PubMed identified over 21,500 articles and over 3,700 evaluation reports published between 1990 and mid-2016. Ninety-four PYD programs with evaluations in LMICs were identified, of which 35 had at least one experimental or rigorous quasi-experimental evaluation.
Sixty percent of the 35 programs with rigorous evaluations demonstrated positive effects on behaviors, including substance use and risky sexual activity, and/or more distal developmental outcomes, such as employment and health indicators.
There is promising evidence that PYD programs can be effective in LMICs; however, more rigorous examination with long-term follow-up is required to establish if these programs offer benefits similar to those seen in higher income countries.
积极青年发展（PYD）自 20 世纪 90 年代以来一直是高收入国家青年项目的框架，并已证明具有广泛的行为健康和发展益处。PYD 项目培养技能、资产和能力；培养青年的能动性；建立健康的人际关系；加强环境；并改革系统，使青年为成功的成年生活做好准备。本文的目的是系统地审查 PYD 项目在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的影响。
有针对性地搜索知识库网站，并在 Scopus 和 PubMed 上搜索关键词，共确定了 21500 多篇文章和 3700 多篇发表于 1990 年至 2016 年年中的评估报告。确定了 94 个在 LMICs 进行评估的 PYD 项目，其中 35 个项目至少有一个实验性或严格的准实验性评估。
35 个经过严格评估的项目中有 60%显示出对行为的积极影响，包括药物使用和高危性行为，以及/或更遥远的发展结果，如就业和健康指标。
有希望的证据表明，PYD 项目在 LMICs 中可能是有效的；然而，需要进行更严格的长期随访评估，以确定这些项目是否提供与高收入国家相似的益处。
