Pushing beyond the Envelope: the Potential Roles of OprF in Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity.

The ability of to form biofilms, which are communities of cells encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix, protects the cells from antibiotics and the host immune response. While some biofilm matrix components, such as exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA, are relatively well characterized, the extracellular matrix proteins remain understudied. Multiple proteomic analyses of the soluble biofilm matrix and outer membrane vesicles, which are a component of the matrix, have identified OprF as an abundant matrix protein. To date, the few reports on the effects of mutations on biofilm formation are conflicting, and little is known about the potential role of OprF in the biofilm matrix. The majority of OprF studies focus on the protein as a cell-associated porin. As a component of the outer membrane, OprF assumes dual conformations and is involved in solute transport, as well as cell envelope integrity. Here, we review the current literature on OprF in , discussing how the structure and function of the cell-associated and matrix-associated protein may affect biofilm formation and pathogenesis in order to inform future research on this understudied matrix protein.