在一个具有代表性的德国样本中，对先前态度的信心、社交标签流行度和来源可信度如何塑造对抗抑郁药和心理治疗的确认偏差：基于网络的随机对照研究

How Confidence in Prior Attitudes, Social Tag Popularity, and Source Credibility Shape Confirmation Bias Toward Antidepressants and Psychotherapy in a Representative German Sample: Randomized Controlled Web-Based Study.

作者信息

Schweiger Stefan, Cress Ulrike

机构信息

Knowledge Construction Lab, Knowledge Media Research Center, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany.

出版信息

J Med Internet Res. 2019 Apr 23;21(4):e11081. doi: 10.2196/11081.

DOI:10.2196/11081

PMID:31012865

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6658248/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In health-related, Web-based information search, people should select information in line with expert (vs nonexpert) information, independent of their prior attitudes and consequent confirmation bias.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate confirmation bias in mental health-related information search, particularly (1) if high confidence worsens confirmation bias, (2) if social tags eliminate the influence of prior attitudes, and (3) if people successfully distinguish high and low source credibility.

METHODS

In total, 520 participants of a representative sample of the German Web-based population were recruited via a panel company. Among them, 48.1% (250/520) participants completed the fully automated study. Participants provided prior attitudes about antidepressants and psychotherapy. We manipulated (1) confidence in prior attitudes when participants searched for blog posts about the treatment of depression, (2) tag popularity -either psychotherapy or antidepressant tags were more popular, and (3) source credibility with banners indicating high or low expertise of the tagging community. We measured tag and blog post selection, and treatmentefficacy ratings after navigation.

RESULTS

Tag popularity predicted the proportion of selected antidepressant tags (beta=.44, SE 0.11; P<.001) and blog posts (beta=.46, SE 0.11; P<.001). When confidence was low (-1 SD), participants selected more blog posts consistent with prior attitudes (beta=-.26, SE 0.05; P<.001). Moreover, when confidence was low (-1 SD) and source credibility was high (+1 SD), the efficacy ratings of attitude-consistent treatments increased (beta=.34, SE 0.13; P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS

We found correlational support for defense motivation account underlying confirmation bias in the mental health-related search context. That is, participants tended to select information that supported their prior attitudes, which is not in line with the current scientific evidence. Implications for presenting persuasive Web-based information are also discussed.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03899168; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03899168 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77Nyot3Do).

摘要

背景

在基于网络的健康相关信息搜索中，人们应选择与专家（而非非专家）信息一致的信息，而不受其先前态度及由此产生的确认偏差的影响。

目的

本研究旨在调查心理健康相关信息搜索中的确认偏差，特别是（1）高自信是否会加剧确认偏差，（2）社交标签是否能消除先前态度的影响，以及（3）人们是否能成功区分信息来源的高低可信度。

方法

通过一家专业调查公司招募了520名具有代表性的德国网络人群样本。其中，48.1%（250/520）的参与者完成了全自动研究。参与者提供了对 antidepressants（抗抑郁药）和心理治疗的先前态度。我们进行了以下操作：（1）当参与者搜索关于抑郁症治疗的博客文章时，对其先前态度的自信程度；（2）标签流行度——心理治疗或抗抑郁药标签更受欢迎；（3）通过横幅显示标签社区专业水平高低来设置信息来源可信度。我们测量了标签和博客文章的选择情况，以及浏览后的治疗效果评分。

结果

标签流行度预测了所选抗抑郁药标签（β = 0.44，标准误0.11；P <.001）和博客文章（β = 0.46，标准误0.11；P <.001）的比例。当自信程度较低（-1标准差）时，参与者选择了更多与先前态度一致的博客文章（β = -0.26，标准误0.05；P <.001）。此外，当自信程度较低（-1标准差）且信息来源可信度较高（+1标准差）时，与态度一致的治疗的效果评分增加（β = 0.34，标准误0.13；P = 0.01）。