Donaldson Alison I C, Johnstone Alexandra M, Myint Phyo K
Ageing, Clinical and Experimental Research Group (ACER), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, UK.
The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, UK.
Geriatrics (Basel). 2018 Dec 20;4(1):1. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics4010001.
The scoping review by Bunn et al. identifies an important, but often invisible, challenge of malnutrition and specifically sub-optimal hydration and nutrition in the care home environment. Those requiring residential care are generally the frailest members of society, and likely to be affected by the anorexia of ageing: a multifactorial process whereby older people fail to adequately regulate food and nutrient intake resulting in unintentional weight loss. Adequate training of all healthcare professionals to recognise the risk of malnutrition at an early stage is fundamentally important, and the window of opportunity for intervention may be at a much earlier stage than admission to the care home. The specific needs of older adults must be considered in planning interventions with regard to the effects of ageing on physiology, digestion, and absorption of nutrients. Most importantly, we must offer person-centred care which offers residents an element of personal choice in whether or not they wish nutritional intervention, and any intervention offered must have the effect of improving quality of life rather than numbers on a scale.
邦恩等人的范围审查确定了护理院环境中营养不良，尤其是水分摄入和营养状况欠佳这一重要但往往被忽视的挑战。需要住院护理的人通常是社会中最脆弱的群体，可能会受到衰老性厌食症的影响：这是一个多因素过程，老年人无法充分调节食物和营养摄入，导致非故意体重减轻。对所有医疗保健专业人员进行充分培训，以便在早期阶段识别营养不良风险至关重要，而且干预的机会窗口可能比入住护理院要早得多。在规划干预措施时，必须考虑老年人的特殊需求，包括衰老对营养物质生理、消化和吸收的影响。最重要的是，我们必须提供以人为本的护理，让居民在是否希望接受营养干预方面有一定的个人选择权，并且提供的任何干预措施都必须具有改善生活质量而非仅仅是体重数字的效果。
