Jenkins Emily N, Allison Penelope, Innes Kim, Violanti John M, Andrew Michael E
Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop L-4050, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
J Police Crim Psychol. 2019 Mar;34(1):67-77. doi: 10.1007/s11896-018-9281-1. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
Protective psychosocial factors may reduce the risk of stress-related illnesses in policing. We assessed the association between protective factors and depressive symptoms among 242 police officers. Participants were from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004-2014). Coping, hardiness, personality traits, and social support were assessed at baseline. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and follow-up using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The relationship between protective factors and the rate of change in depressive symptoms was assessed using linear regression. Logistic regression evaluated associations between protective factors and new-onset depression. Of participants free of depression at baseline, 23 (10.7%) developed probable depression during the follow-up. Odds of new-onset depression increased with increasing neuroticism (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.35) and passive coping (OR = 2.07, 95% CI, 1.06-4.03). Increasing agreeableness (OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.78-0.96) and conscientiousness (OR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.84-0.98) were associated with decreased odds of new-onset depression. New-onset depression was not significantly associated with other coping subscales, hardiness, or social support. There were no significant associations between protective factors and change in depressive symptom scores. This study suggests certain personality characteristics and passive coping may be associated with increased odds of new-onset depression in police officers.
保护性心理社会因素可能会降低警务工作中与压力相关疾病的风险。我们评估了242名警察中保护因素与抑郁症状之间的关联。参与者来自布法罗心血管代谢职业警察压力（BCOPS）研究（2004 - 2014年）。在基线时评估应对方式、心理韧性、人格特质和社会支持。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - D）在基线和随访时测量抑郁症状。使用线性回归评估保护因素与抑郁症状变化率之间的关系。逻辑回归评估保护因素与新发抑郁症之间的关联。在基线时无抑郁症的参与者中，23人（10.7%）在随访期间出现可能的抑郁症。新发抑郁症的几率随着神经质增加（调整后的优势比[OR]=1.22，95%置信区间[CI]，1.11 - 1.35）和消极应对（OR = 2.07，95% CI，1.06 - 4.03）而增加。宜人性增加（OR = 0.87，95% CI，0.78 - 0.96）和尽责性增加（OR = 0.90，95% CI，0.84 - 0.98）与新发抑郁症几率降低相关。新发抑郁症与其他应对子量表、心理韧性或社会支持无显著关联。保护因素与抑郁症状评分变化之间无显著关联。这项研究表明，某些人格特征和消极应对可能与警察新发抑郁症几率增加有关。
