Efficacy of Non-Beta-lactam Antibiotics for Prevention of Cesarean Delivery Surgical Site Infections.

To examine the association between perioperative Beta ( ))-lactam versus non- -lactam antibiotics and cesarean delivery surgical site infection (SSI).  Retrospective cohort of women undergoing cesarean delivery from January 1 to December 31, 2014. All women undergoing cesarean after 34 weeks with a postpartum visit were included. Prevalence of SSI was compared between women receiving -lactam versus non- -lactam antibiotics. Bivariate analyses were performed using Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests. Logistic regression models were fit controlling for possible confounders.  Of the 929 women included, 826 (89%) received -lactam prophylaxis and 103 (11%) received a non- -lactam. Among the 893 women who reported a non-type I (low risk) allergy, 819 (92%) received -lactam prophylaxis. SSI occurred in 7% of women who received -lactam antibiotics versus 15% of women who received a non- -lactam (  = 0.004). -Lactam prophylaxis was associated with lower odds of SSI compared with non- -lactam antibiotics (odds ratio [OR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22-0.83;  = 0.01) after controlling for chorioamnionitis in labor, postlabor cesarean, endometritis, tobacco use, and body mass index (BMI).   -Lactam perioperative prophylaxis is associated with lower odds of a cesarean delivery surgical site infection compared with non- -lactam antibiotics.