a Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS) , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.
b Centre for Molecular and Medical Research , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria , Australia.
Epigenetics. 2019 Jul;14(7):633-648. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1614416. Epub 2019 May 13.
Exercise training is continually challenging whole-body homeostasis, leading to improvements in performance and health. Adaptations to exercise training are complex and are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic factors regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific manner and constitute a link between the genotype and the environment. Moreover, epigenetic factors are emerging as potential biomarkers that could predict the response to exercise training. This systematic review aimed to identify epigenetic changes that have been reported in skeletal muscle following exercise training in healthy populations. A literature search of five databases (PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINHAL, SCOPUS and SportDiscuss) was conducted in November 2018. Articles were included if they examined epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs) in skeletal muscle, following either an acute bout of exercise, an exercise intervention in a pre/post design, or a case/control type of study. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Several epigenetic markers including DNA methylation of genes known to be differentially expressed after exercise and myomiRs were reported to be modified after exercise. Several epigenetic marks were identified to be altered in response to exercise, with potential influence on skeletal muscle metabolism. However, whether these epigenetic marks play a role in the physiological impact of exercise is unclear. Exercise epigenetics is still a very young research field, and it is expected that in the future the causality of such changes will be elucidated the utilization of emerging experimental models able to target the epigenome.
锻炼训练不断挑战全身的内稳态，从而提高表现和健康水平。对锻炼训练的适应是复杂的，受到环境和遗传因素的影响。表观遗传因素以组织特异性的方式调节基因表达，并在基因型和环境之间构成联系。此外，表观遗传因素正成为潜在的生物标志物，可以预测对锻炼训练的反应。本系统综述旨在确定在健康人群中，锻炼训练后骨骼肌中报道的表观遗传变化。2018 年 11 月，对五个数据库（PUBMED、MEDLINE、CINHAL、SCOPUS 和 SportDiscuss）进行了文献检索。如果文章检查了骨骼肌中的表观遗传修饰（DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA），无论是在急性运动后、前后设计的运动干预还是病例/对照研究中，都符合纳入标准。22 项研究符合纳入标准。有几项表观遗传标志物被报道在运动后发生了改变，包括已知在运动后表达差异的基因的 DNA 甲基化和肌微小 RNA。已经确定了几种表观遗传标记可以响应运动而改变，这可能对骨骼肌代谢有潜在影响。然而，这些表观遗传标记是否在运动的生理影响中起作用还不清楚。锻炼表观遗传学仍然是一个非常年轻的研究领域，预计未来将阐明这些变化的因果关系，并利用新兴的能够靶向表观基因组的实验模型。
