Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE) , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221 , United States.
Office of Research and Development , US Environmental Protection Agency , Cincinnati , Ohio 45220 , United States.
ACS Sens. 2019 May 24;4(5):1151-1173. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00376. Epub 2019 May 14.
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms are increasing in frequency and cyanotoxins have become an environmental and public concern in the U.S. and worldwide. In this Review, the majority of reported studies and developments of electrochemical affinity biosensors for cyanotoxins are critically reviewed and discussed. Essential background information about cyanobacterial toxins and electrochemical biosensors is combined with the rapidly moving development of electrochemical biosensors for these toxins. Current issues and future challenges for the development of useful electrochemical biosensors for cyanotoxin detection that meet the demands for applications in field freshwater samples are discussed. The major aspects of the entire review article in a prescribed sequence include (i) the state-of-the-art knowledge of the toxicity of cyanotoxins, (ii) important harmful algal bloom events, (iii) advisories, guidelines, and regulations, (iv) conventional analytical methods for determination of cyanotoxins, (v) electrochemical transduction, (vi) recognition receptors, (vii) reported electrochemical biosensors for cyanotoxins, (viii) summary of analytical performance, and (ix) recent advances and future trends. Discussion includes electrochemical techniques and devices, biomolecules with high affinity, numerous array designs, various detection approaches, and research strategies in tailoring the properties of the transducer-biomolecule interface. Scientific and engineering aspects are presented in depth. This review aims to serve as a valuable source to scientists and engineers entering the interdisciplinary field of electrochemical biosensors for detection of cyanotoxins in freshwaters.
蓝藻有害藻华的频率正在增加，而蓝藻毒素已成为美国和全球关注的环境和公共卫生问题。在这篇综述中，批判性地回顾和讨论了大多数报道的用于蓝藻毒素的电化学亲和生物传感器的研究和发展。结合电化学生物传感器在这些毒素方面的快速发展，提供了有关蓝藻细菌毒素和电化学生物传感器的基本背景信息。讨论了开发用于蓝藻毒素检测的有用电化学生物传感器以满足现场淡水样品应用需求的当前问题和未来挑战。整篇综述文章的主要方面按规定顺序包括：（i）蓝藻毒素毒性的最新知识，（ii）重要的有害藻华事件，（iii）咨询、准则和法规，（iv）测定蓝藻毒素的常规分析方法，（v）电化学换能器，（vi）识别受体，（vii）报道的用于蓝藻毒素的电化学生物传感器，（viii）分析性能总结，以及（ix）最新进展和未来趋势。讨论包括电化学技术和设备、具有高亲和力的生物分子、众多的阵列设计、各种检测方法以及在调整换能器-生物分子界面特性方面的研究策略。深入介绍了科学和工程方面的内容。本综述旨在为进入电化学生物传感器在淡水领域检测蓝藻毒素的跨学科领域的科学家和工程师提供有价值的资源。
