Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Immunol. 2019 Apr 24;10:837. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00837. eCollection 2019.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease that affects large and medium-sized arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high risk of mortality by atherosclerosis has led to the development of new strategies for disease prevention and management, including immunonutrition. Plant-based dietary patterns, functional foods, dietary supplements, and bioactive compounds such as the Mediterranean Diet, berries, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-3 and ω-6, vitamins E, A, C, and D, coenzyme Q10, as well as phytochemicals including isoflavones, stilbenes, and sterols have been associated with improvement in atheroma plaque at an inflammatory level. However, many of these correlations have been obtained and in experimental animals' models. On one hand, the present review focuses on the evidence obtained from epidemiological, dietary intervention and supplementation studies in humans supporting the role of immunonutrient supplementation and its effect on anti-inflammatory response in atherosclerotic disease. On the other hand, this review also analyzes the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of these supplements, which may lead a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or attenuate diet-related disease, such as atherosclerosis.
动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性低度炎症性疾病，影响大、中动脉，被认为是心血管疾病（CVD）的主要潜在原因。动脉粥样硬化导致的高死亡率导致了疾病预防和管理的新策略的发展，包括免疫营养。植物性饮食模式、功能性食品、膳食补充剂和生物活性化合物，如地中海饮食、浆果、多不饱和脂肪酸、ω-3 和 ω-6、维生素 E、A、C 和 D、辅酶 Q10 以及植物化学物质，如异黄酮、白藜芦醇和固醇，都与炎症水平的动脉粥样硬化斑块改善有关。然而，许多这些相关性是在实验动物模型中获得的。一方面，本综述重点介绍了从流行病学、饮食干预和补充剂研究中获得的证据，这些证据支持免疫营养补充剂及其对动脉粥样硬化疾病抗炎反应的作用。另一方面，本综述还分析了这些补充剂的保护作用的可能分子机制，这可能为预防或减轻饮食相关疾病（如动脉粥样硬化）提供一种新的治疗方法。
