Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31080, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2020 Apr;59(3):1219-1232. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01982-x. Epub 2019 May 9.
Cardiovascular disease remains the global leading cause of death. We evaluated at baseline the association between the adherence to eight a priori high-quality dietary scores and the prevalence of individual and clustered cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.
All PREDIMED-Plus participants (6874 men and women aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) were assessed. The prevalence of 4 CVRF (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia), using standard diagnoses criteria, were considered as outcomes. The adherence to eight a priori-defined dietary indexes was calculated. Multivariable models were fitted to estimate differences in mean values of factors and prevalence ratios for individual and clustered CVRF.
Highest conformity to any dietary pattern did not show inverse associations with hypertension. The modified Mediterranean Diet Score (PR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS) (PR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.98), the pro-vegetarian dietary pattern (PR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99) and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (PR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.87-0.96) were inversely associated with prevalence of obesity. We identified significant inverse trend among participants who better adhered to the MEDAS and the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) in the mean number of CVRF across categories of adherence. Better adherence to several high-quality dietary indexes was associated with better blood lipid profiles and anthropometric measures.
Highest adherence to dietary quality indexes, especially Mediterranean-style and PDQS scores, showed marginal associations with lower prevalence of individual and clustered CVRF among elderly adults with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
心血管疾病仍然是全球主要的死亡原因。我们在基线时评估了八种预先确定的高质量饮食评分与 PREDIMED-Plus 队列中个体和聚集心血管危险因素（CVRF）患病率之间的关联。
评估了所有 PREDIMED-Plus 参与者（6874 名年龄在 55-75 岁之间的超重/肥胖和代谢综合征男性和女性）。使用标准诊断标准考虑了 4 种 CVRF（高血压、肥胖、糖尿病和血脂异常）的患病率作为结局。计算了 8 种预先定义的饮食指数的依从性。拟合多变量模型以估计因素的平均值差异和个体和聚集 CVRF 的患病率比。
最高的饮食模式一致性与高血压无反比关系。改良的地中海饮食评分（PR=0.95；95%CI 0.90-0.99）、地中海饮食依从性评分（MEDAS）（PR=0.94；95%CI 0.89-0.98）、亲素食饮食模式（PR=0.95；95%CI 0.90-0.99）和替代健康饮食指数 2010（PR=0.92；95%CI 0.87-0.96）与肥胖的患病率呈反比关系。我们发现，在 MEDAS 和 Prime 饮食质量评分（PDQS）的参与者中，随着依从性的增加，CVRF 的数量呈显著的反比趋势。更好地遵守几个高质量的饮食指数与更好的血脂谱和人体测量指标相关。
最高的饮食质量指数依从性，特别是地中海饮食和 PDQS 评分，与代谢综合征的老年成年人中个体和聚集 CVRF 的患病率较低呈边际相关，这些成年人患心血管疾病的风险较高。
