Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Nutrition. 2019 Sep;65:91-96. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.005. Epub 2019 Mar 23.
The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and its associated factors in older Portuguese adults.
A cross-sectional observational study was designed. In the context of the Nutrition UP 65 study, a national cluster sample of 1407 Portuguese individuals ≥65 y of age was analyzed. Adherence to the MDP was evaluated with the Portuguese version of the Prevention with Mediterranean Diet tool. The association between an individual's characteristics and adherence to the MDP was analyzed through hierarchical logistic regression analysis.
In this study, 43% of participants adhered to the MDP (n = 609). Higher educational level (odds ratio [OR], 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-3.69), living in the center (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.79), being married or living in a common-law marriage (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.20-1.97), and body mass index (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.25) were related with increased odds of adherence to the MDP. Otherwise, lower adherence to the MDP was found for participants who were ≥80 y of age (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.94), who lived in Madeira (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89) and Azores (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.99), who rated their health as moderate (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.84) or as bad or very bad (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.90), and those who reported six or more comorbidities (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97).
Of the sample, 57% did not adhere to the Mediterranean diet. Potentially modifiable factors associated with lower adherence to the MDP were lower educational and health status.
本研究旨在评估葡萄牙老年人对地中海饮食模式（MDP）的依从性及其相关因素。
本研究采用横断面观察性研究设计。在“Nutrition UP 65”研究中，对全国范围内 1407 名年龄≥65 岁的葡萄牙个体进行了聚类抽样分析。采用葡萄牙版预防地中海饮食工具评估 MDP 的依从性。通过分层逻辑回归分析，分析个体特征与 MDP 依从性之间的关联。
在本研究中，43%的参与者遵循 MDP（n=609）。较高的教育水平（比值比[OR]，2.38；95%置信区间[CI]，1.54-3.69）、居住在市中心（OR，1.35；95% CI，1.01-1.79）、已婚或处于事实婚姻状态（OR，1.54；95% CI，1.20-1.97）和体重指数（OR，1.52；95% CI，1.02-2.25）与 MDP 依从性增加相关。相反，年龄≥80 岁（OR，0.70；95% CI，0.52-0.94）、居住在马德拉群岛（OR，0.35；95% CI，0.14-0.89）和亚速尔群岛（OR，0.28；95% CI，0.08-0.99）、自我报告健康状况为中等（OR，0.65；95% CI，0.50-0.84）或差或非常差（OR，0.63；95% CI，0.45-0.90）、报告有 6 种或更多合并症（OR，0.62；95% CI，0.39-0.97）的参与者，其 MDP 依从性较低。
在该样本中，57%的人没有遵循地中海饮食。与 MDP 依从性较低相关的潜在可改变因素包括较低的教育和健康状况。
