Leone Alessandro, Battezzati Alberto, De Amicis Ramona, De Carlo Giulia, Bertoli Simona
International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 11;9(7):734. doi: 10.3390/nu9070734.
Little information is available on the trends of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). This study investigates food consumption trends from 2010 to 2016 in subjects living in Northern Italy. A cross-sectional study of 8584 subjects enrolled between January 2010 and December 2016 was conducted. Socio-demographic, nutrition and lifestyle characteristics were collected. A 14-item questionnaire was used to evaluate adherence to MDP. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to evaluate the trends of and the determinants for the adherence to MDP. The overall prevalence of adherence to MDP was 14% and the trend remained constant over the six years. However, there was a marked increase in nuts consumption and a slight one in white meat consumption. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the consumption of fruit, red meat, sweets and sugar-sweetened beverages and in the use of soffritto. Finally, higher education, being older, married, physically active, and ex-smoker was associated with greater adherence to MDP, whereas the prevalence of adherence was lower in the obese. In conclusion, the consumption of some Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean food groups changed over the six years. However, overall, the prevalence of adherence to MDP did not change. Additional strategies promoting healthy dietary habits are needed.
关于坚持地中海饮食模式（MDP）的趋势，目前可用信息较少。本研究调查了2010年至2016年居住在意大利北部人群的食物消费趋势。对2010年1月至2016年12月期间纳入的8584名受试者进行了一项横断面研究。收集了社会人口统计学、营养和生活方式特征。使用一份包含14个条目的问卷来评估对MDP的坚持情况。采用多变量泊松回归来评估坚持MDP的趋势及其决定因素。坚持MDP的总体患病率为14%，且在这六年中保持不变。然而，坚果的消费量显著增加，白肉的消费量略有增加。此外，我们观察到水果、红肉、甜食和含糖饮料的消费量以及蔬菜调味料的使用量有所下降。最后，高等教育程度、年龄较大、已婚、身体活跃和曾经吸烟与更高的MDP坚持率相关，而肥胖者的坚持患病率较低。总之，在这六年中，一些地中海和非地中海食物组的消费量发生了变化。然而，总体而言，坚持MDP的患病率没有改变。需要采取更多促进健康饮食习惯的策略。
