Jagim Andrew R, Harty Patrick S, Erickson Jacob L, Tinsley Grant M, Garner Dan, Galpin Andrew J
Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, United States.
Exercise & Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, United States.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Sep 29;5:1239121. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1239121. eCollection 2023.
The prevalence of dietary supplement use among athletes continues to rise with 60-80% of athletes often reporting current or previous use of dietary supplements. While select dietary ingredients have been shown to improve acute performance and enhance training adaptations over time, it is important to still consider the risk vs. reward for athletes before opting to consume a dietary supplement. Previous work has indicated that certain dietary supplements may pose risks for inadvertent doping, may be susceptible to mislabelling, could be banned by certain governing bodies of sport, or pose health risks for certain populations. The purpose of the current narrative review is to summarize the prevalence of adulteration in dietary sport supplement products, outline the risks of inadvertent doping for athletes, and highlight best practices regarding safe supplementation strategies. Analytical studies have found anywhere from 14 to 50% of samples analyzed from dietary supplement products have tested positive for anabolic agents or other prohibited substances. It is important for the consumer to adhere to safe supplementation strategies, which include following serving size recommendations, cross-referencing ingredient profiles with the list of prohibited substances, choosing quality products that have been verified by a third-party certification program, and being cognizant of consuming multiple dietary supplement products with overlapping ingredient profiles. Once these practices have been considered, it is reasonable for an athlete to utilize dietary supplements as a strategy to optimize performance and health, with a low risk of failing a drug test (adverse analytical finding) and experiencing adverse events.
运动员使用膳食补充剂的比例持续上升，60%至80%的运动员经常报告目前或过去使用过膳食补充剂。虽然某些膳食成分已被证明可以改善急性运动表现，并随着时间的推移增强训练适应性，但在选择食用膳食补充剂之前，仍有必要考虑运动员的风险与收益。先前的研究表明，某些膳食补充剂可能存在无意使用兴奋剂的风险，可能容易出现标签错误，可能被某些体育管理机构禁止，或者对某些人群构成健康风险。本叙述性综述的目的是总结运动膳食补充剂产品中掺假的普遍情况，概述运动员无意使用兴奋剂的风险，并强调安全补充策略的最佳做法。分析研究发现，从膳食补充剂产品中分析的样本中有14%至50%对合成代谢药物或其他违禁物质检测呈阳性。消费者坚持安全的补充策略很重要，这些策略包括遵循食用量建议、将成分清单与违禁物质清单进行交叉核对、选择经过第三方认证计划验证的优质产品，以及注意食用多种成分重叠的膳食补充剂产品。一旦考虑了这些做法，运动员将膳食补充剂作为优化运动表现和健康的策略来使用是合理的，药物检测失败（不良分析结果）和出现不良事件的风险较低。
