1Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China.
2National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2019 Aug;19(8):640-645. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2416. Epub 2019 May 14.
Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is a zoonotic, vector-borne neurotropic disease that remains a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. JEV is spread to humans through mosquitoes, and its primary transmission vector is . Mosquitoes were sampled from three collection sites: Hanzhuang town in Weishan County, Taibai Lake in Jining city, and Dongping Lake in Shandong Province, China. Pyrethroid insecticide resistance bioassays were conducted using adult mosquitoes. and populations in Hanzhuang town and Dongping Lake showed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, and populations in Taibai Lake showed incipient resistance. populations in Hanzhuang town presented resistance as well, while in Taibai Lake, resistance was incipient. A total of 16,711 mosquitoes were collected, identified, and divided into 346 pools for JEV testing. had the advantage of being a local mosquito species. Overall, 31 (22.96) of the 135 pools of were positive for JEV. The overall maximum likelihood estimates of , , and indicated pooled infection rates of 5.29/1000 mosquitoes (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.67-7.42), 1.60/1000 mosquitoes (95% CI = 0.82-2.85), and 6.39/1000 mosquitoes (95% CI = 0.39-32.23), respectively. There were no significant differences in the pooled infection rates between the districts. The resistance to pyrethroids has increased the difficulty in controlling the mosquito vectors, especially JEV-positive mosquitoes. Given the changes in the JEV transmission vectors, the spatial and temporal diversity and the dynamic variety of mosquito species, insecticide resistance and global warming have the potential to facilitate the transmission of JE to humans.
日本脑炎（JE）是由日本脑炎病毒（JEV）引起的一种人畜共患、虫媒神经毒病，仍是亚洲病毒性脑炎的主要病因。JEV 通过蚊子传播给人类，其主要传播媒介是 。从中国微山的韩庄镇、济宁的太白湖和山东的东平湖三个采集点采集蚊子样本。使用成蚊进行拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂抗药性生物测定。韩庄镇和东平湖的 和 种群对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂具有抗药性，而太白湖的种群则表现出初期抗药性。韩庄镇的 种群也出现了抗药性，而太白湖的种群则表现出初期抗药性。共采集了 16711 只蚊子，进行了鉴定，并分为 346 个池进行 JEV 检测。 是当地的蚊子种类，具有优势。总的来说，135 个池中，有 31 个（22.96%）为 JEV 阳性。总体最大似然估计表明， 的总感染率为 5.29/1000 只蚊子（95%置信区间[CI] = 3.67-7.42），1.60/1000 只蚊子（95%CI = 0.82-2.85）和 6.39/1000 只蚊子（95%CI = 0.39-32.23）。各地区的总感染率无显著差异。对拟除虫菊酯的抗性增加了控制蚊子媒介的难度，特别是 JEV 阳性蚊子。考虑到 JEV 传播媒介的变化、时空多样性以及蚊子种类的动态变化、杀虫剂抗性和全球变暖都有可能促进 JE 向人类传播。
