Ihler Friedrich, Canis Martin
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde in Kooperation mit dem Deutschen Schwindel- und Gleichgewichtszentrum, Klinikum der Universität München.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2019 Mar;98(S 01):S290-S333. doi: 10.1055/a-0801-2585. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
The wide distribution and availability of the internet during the last decades revolutionized the human information and communication behavior. Via internet, information can be easily retrieved and participative applications allow new types of interaction. The healthcare system is directly affected because information and communication represent a relevant part of it. The present contribution is intended to describe this development and its impact on otorhinolaryngology. The use of the internet for the research of health-related information is continuously increasing since several years and has meanwhile achieved significant importance. In the clinical context, other information sources still have a higher relevance. Laypeople mostly use the search engine of Google when performing health-related research. Even if the reliability of the presented information is difficult to assess, alternative offers that are specialized on valid healthcare information could not prevail. Anecdotic or incorrect information are regularly observed. Numerous trials investigated the quality of healthcare information on web pages. The methodical spectrum reaches from formula-depending readability testing via structured assessment tools up to certificates. The result shows that healthcare information on internet sites is often difficult to understand for the general population. Nearly all social media contain healthcare information and their relevance is increasing. Nonetheless, there is only few scientific knowledge on the characteristics and the effect of healthcare information in social media. The availability of online healthcare information requires new understanding of health literacy. The concept of digital literacy (eHealth literacy) contains among others the readability, media competence, IT knowledge, and basic scientific knowledge. The implementation of those skills depends on individual and social factors such as education, socio-economic status, and age. Investigations revealed a low healthcare literacy in a high percentage of the patients.The distribution of the internet also modifies the relationship between physician and patient. Well-informed patients request being involved in medical decisions. Physicians have a particular responsibility regarding the consultation of medical laypeople by weighting and verifying information. By actively participating, physicians should contribute to digitization in medicine for the benefit of their patients. Medical associations are particularly invited to contribute to this process.
在过去几十年里，互联网的广泛普及和可用性彻底改变了人类的信息和交流行为。通过互联网，信息可以轻松获取，参与式应用程序允许进行新型互动。医疗保健系统受到直接影响，因为信息和交流是其重要组成部分。本文旨在描述这一发展及其对耳鼻喉科的影响。多年来，利用互联网搜索健康相关信息的情况持续增加，与此同时，这已变得极为重要。在临床环境中，其他信息来源仍然具有更高的相关性。外行在进行健康相关研究时大多使用谷歌搜索引擎。即使所呈现信息的可靠性难以评估，但专注于有效医疗保健信息的替代服务也未能占据上风。经常能看到轶事性或错误的信息。众多试验研究了网页上医疗保健信息的质量。方法范围从依赖公式的可读性测试到结构化评估工具，再到认证。结果表明，网站上的医疗保健信息通常普通大众难以理解。几乎所有社交媒体都包含医疗保健信息，且其相关性在增加。尽管如此，关于社交媒体中医疗保健信息的特征和影响，科学知识却很少。在线医疗保健信息的可得性需要对健康素养有新的理解。数字素养（电子健康素养）概念尤其包括可读性、媒体能力、信息技术知识和基础科学知识。这些技能的落实取决于个人和社会因素，如教育程度、社会经济地位和年龄。调查显示，很大比例的患者健康素养较低。互联网的普及也改变了医患关系。信息灵通的患者要求参与医疗决策。医生在为外行提供咨询时，通过权衡和核实信息负有特殊责任。医生应通过积极参与，为医学数字化做出贡献，以造福患者。特别邀请医学协会参与这一进程。
