College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
AAPS J. 2019 May 17;21(4):64. doi: 10.1208/s12248-019-0333-y.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has drawn considerable research attention as an alternative target for nanomedicine-based cancer therapy. Various nanomaterials that carry active substances have been designed to alter the features or composition of the TME and thereby improve the delivery and efficacy of anticancer chemotherapeutics. These alterations include disruption of the extracellular matrix and tumor vascular systems to promote perfusion or modulate hypoxia. Nanomaterials have also been used to modulate the immunological microenvironment of tumors. In this context, nanomaterials have been shown to alter populations of cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Despite considerable progress, nanomaterial-based TME modulation must overcome several limitations before this strategy can be translated to clinical trials, including issues related to limited tumor tissue penetration, tumor heterogeneity, and immune toxicity. In this review, we summarize recent progress and challenges of nanomaterials used to modulate the TME to enhance the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
肿瘤微环境（TME）作为基于纳米医学的癌症治疗的替代靶点引起了相当多的研究关注。各种携带活性物质的纳米材料被设计用来改变 TME 的特征或组成，从而提高抗癌化疗药物的递送和疗效。这些改变包括破坏细胞外基质和肿瘤血管系统以促进灌注或调节缺氧。纳米材料还被用于调节肿瘤的免疫微环境。在这种情况下，已经证明纳米材料可以改变癌症相关成纤维细胞、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、调节性 T 细胞和髓系来源的抑制细胞的群体。尽管取得了相当大的进展，但基于纳米材料的 TME 调节在该策略转化为临床试验之前必须克服几个限制，包括与有限的肿瘤组织穿透性、肿瘤异质性和免疫毒性相关的问题。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于调节 TME 以增强抗癌化疗和免疫治疗疗效的纳米材料的最新进展和挑战。
