Ryff Carol D
Department of Psychology/Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
J Bus Ventur. 2019 Jul;34(4):646-663. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.003. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
Researchers in entrepreneurial studies are increasingly interested in the psychological well-being of entrepreneurs. Approaches to well-being tend to be partitioned into hedonic and eudaimonic formulations. Most entrepreneurial studies have focused on hedonic indicators (life satisfaction, happiness, positive affect). The central objective of this essay is to examine the relevance of eudaimonic well-being for understanding entrepreneurial experience. The theoretical background and key dimensions of eudaimonic well-being are described and their relevance for entrepreneurial studies is considered. Illustrative findings from prior well-being studies are examined, also with emphasis on possible extensions to entrepreneurship. Five key venues for the entrepreneurial field are then considered: (1) entrepreneurship and autonomy, viewed both as a motive (self-determination theory) and as an aspect of well-being (eudaimonic well-being theory); (2) varieties of entrepreneurship (opportunity versus necessity) and eudaimonic well-being; (3) eudaimonia in the entrepreneurial journey (beginning, middle, end); (4) entrepreneurship, well-being and health; and (5) entrepreneurs and the eudaimonia of others - contrasting virtuous and vicious types. In each topic, extant findings from entrepreneurial studies are considered and new research directions proposed. The overall aim is to be generative regarding the interplay between entrepreneurial experience and eudaimonic wellbeing.
创业研究领域的研究者们越来越关注创业者的心理健康。幸福感的研究方法往往分为享乐主义和自我实现两种形式。大多数创业研究都集中在享乐主义指标上(生活满意度、幸福感、积极情绪)。本文的核心目标是探讨自我实现幸福感对于理解创业经历的相关性。文章描述了自我实现幸福感的理论背景和关键维度,并探讨了其与创业研究的相关性。同时,本文审视了先前幸福感研究的典型发现,并着重考虑了其对创业研究的可能拓展。随后,本文探讨了创业领域的五个关键方向:(1)创业与自主性,既将其视为一种动机(自我决定理论),也将其视为幸福感的一个方面(自我实现幸福感理论);(2)不同类型的创业(机会型创业与生存型创业)与自我实现幸福感;(3)创业历程中的自我实现(创业初期、中期、后期);(4)创业、幸福感与健康;(5)创业者与他人的自我实现——对比良性与恶性类型。在每个主题中,本文都考虑了创业研究的现有发现,并提出了新的研究方向。总体目标是探讨创业经历与自我实现幸福感之间的相互作用。