Ryff Carol D
Institute on Aging/Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave., 2245 MSC, Madison, WI 53706,.
Int Rev Econ. 2017 Jun;64(2):159-178. doi: 10.1007/s12232-017-0277-4. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
The theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of a eudaimonic model of well-being are examined and its empirical translation into distinct dimensions of well-being is described. Empirical findings have documented aging declines in eudaimonic well-being, but there is considerable variability within age groups. Among older adults who remain purposefully engaged, health benefits (reduced morbidity, extended longevity) have been documented. Eudaimonic well-being also appears to offer a protective buffer against increased health risk among the educationally disadvantaged. Neural and genetic mechanisms that may underlie eudaimonic influences on health are briefly noted, and interventions designed to promote eudaimonic well-being are sketched. Needed future research directions include addressing problems of unjust societies wherein greed among privileged elites may be a force compromising the eudaimonic well-being of those less privileged. Alternatively, and more positive in focus, is the need to better understand the role of the arts, broadly defined, in promoting eudaimonic well-being across all segments of society.
本文探讨了幸福主义幸福模型的理论和哲学基础，并描述了其在幸福的不同维度上的实证转化。实证研究结果表明，幸福主义幸福会随着年龄增长而下降，但各年龄组内部存在相当大的差异。在那些仍有目标地参与活动的老年人中，已记录到健康益处（发病率降低、寿命延长）。幸福主义幸福似乎也为教育程度较低者增加的健康风险提供了一种保护缓冲。简要提及了幸福主义对健康影响可能的神经和遗传机制，并概述了旨在促进幸福主义幸福的干预措施。未来需要的研究方向包括解决不公正社会的问题，在这种社会中，特权精英的贪婪可能会损害弱势群体的幸福主义幸福。或者，更积极的关注点是需要更好地理解广义上的艺术在促进社会各阶层幸福主义幸福方面的作用。
