Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Institute of General Practice, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Addiction. 2019 Sep;114(9):1627-1638. doi: 10.1111/add.14656. Epub 2019 Jul 6.
Understanding whether and how far smokers' characteristics influence the effectiveness of treatment may be important for tailoring recommendations on cessation aids to those most likely to help the user achieve abstinence. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of commonly used smoking cessation aids and test whether their effectiveness differs according to cigarette addiction, socio-economic status, age or sex.
Correlational design using cross-sectional survey data collected monthly between 2006 and 2018.
England.
A total of 18 929 adults (aged ≥ 16 years, 52.0% female) who had smoked within the previous 12 months and had made at least one quit attempt during that period.
The outcome was self-reported abstinence from quit date to survey. Independent variables were self-reported use during the most recent quit attempt of: prescription nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), NRT over-the-counter, varenicline, bupropion, e-cigarettes, face-to-face behavioural support, telephone support, written self-help materials, websites and hypnotherapy. Moderators were cigarette addiction, social grade, age and sex.
After adjustment for covariates and use of other cessation aids, users of e-cigarettes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.69-2.24] and varenicline (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.51-2.21) had significantly higher odds of reporting abstinence than those who did not report use of these cessation aids. Use of prescription NRT was associated with increased abstinence in older (≥ 45 years) (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.25-2.00) but not younger (< 45 years) smokers (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.85-1.42). Use of websites was associated with increased abstinence in smokers from lower (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.22-3.98) but not higher social grades (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.40-1.38). There was little evidence of benefits of using other cessation aids.
Use of e-cigarettes and varenicline are associated with higher abstinence rates following a quit attempt in England. Use of prescription of nicotine replacement therapy is also associated with higher abstinence rates, but only in older smokers, and use of websites only in smokers from lower socio-economic status.
了解吸烟者的特征是否以及在多大程度上影响治疗效果，对于针对最有可能帮助使用者戒烟的人群定制戒烟辅助工具的建议可能很重要。本研究旨在估计常用戒烟辅助工具的有效性，并检验其有效性是否因香烟成瘾、社会经济地位、年龄或性别而异。
使用 2006 年至 2018 年间每月收集的横断面调查数据进行相关性设计。
英格兰。
共有 18929 名成年人（年龄≥16 岁，52.0%为女性），他们在过去 12 个月内有吸烟史，并且在这段时间内至少有一次戒烟尝试。
结果是自我报告的从戒烟日期到调查的禁欲情况。最近一次戒烟尝试中自我报告使用的独立变量为：处方尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）、非处方 NRT、伐伦克林、安非他酮、电子烟、面对面行为支持、电话支持、书面自助材料、网站和催眠疗法。调节剂为香烟成瘾、社会阶层、年龄和性别。
在调整了协变量和其他戒烟辅助工具的使用后，与未报告使用这些戒烟辅助工具的人相比，使用电子烟（优势比[OR] = 1.95，95%置信区间[CI] = 1.69-2.24）和伐伦克林（OR = 1.82，95% CI = 1.51-2.21）的人报告戒烟的可能性显著更高。与年轻（<45 岁）吸烟者（OR = 1.09，95% CI = 0.85-1.42）相比，年长（≥45 岁）吸烟者（OR = 1.58，95% CI = 1.25-2.00）使用处方 NRT 与更高的戒烟率相关。使用网站与较低社会阶层（OR = 2.20，95% CI = 1.22-3.98）但与较高社会阶层（OR = 0.74，95% CI = 0.40-1.38）的吸烟者的戒烟率增加相关。几乎没有证据表明使用其他戒烟辅助工具的益处。
在英格兰，电子烟和伐伦克林的使用与戒烟尝试后的更高禁欲率相关。处方尼古丁替代疗法的使用也与更高的戒烟率相关，但仅在年长的吸烟者中，而网站的使用仅在社会经济地位较低的吸烟者中。
