Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Infection.

It could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection with better than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria. are Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivate , and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: "Innate Immunity" describes how the host initially detects the presence of and characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; "Adaptive Immunity" discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; "Use of Attenuated as a Vaccine Vector" highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti- immunity to develop cancer therapeutics.