The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical, Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3 a, Teutori Building, 20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Quantum, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 Turku, Finland.
Brain Behav Immun. 2019 Aug;80:849-858. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.035. Epub 2019 May 24.
One of the key behavioral phenotypes in infancy are different temperament traits, and certain early life temperament traits have been shown to precede later mental health problems. Differences in the gut microbiota composition (GMC) have been suggested to link with neurodevelopment. For example, toddler temperament traits have been found to associate with differences in GMC; however, studies in infants are lacking although infancy is a rapid period of neurodevelopment as well as GM development. Thus, we aimed to investigate association between infant GMC and temperament.
The study population (n = 301, 53% boys) was drawn from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Stool samples were collected from the 2.5-month-old infants and sequenced with 16S Illumina MiSeq platform. GMC taxonomic composition (at Genus and OTU level), observed sample clusters, diversity and richness were investigated in relation to the maternal reports of Infant Behavior Questionnaire -Revised (IBQ-R) at the age of 6 months.
Three sample clusters (Bifidobacterium/Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, V. Dispar) based on GMC were identified, of which Bifidobacterium/Enterobacteriaceae-cluster presented with higher scores on the IBQ-R main dimension regulation and its subscale duration of orienting compared to Bacteroides-cluster. The clusters associated with temperament in a sex-dependent manner. The IBQ-R main dimension surgency (positive emotionality) was associated positively both with genus Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Alpha diversity had a negative association with negative emotionality and fear reactivity.
This is the first study demonstrating associations, but not causal connections, between GMC and temperament in young infants in a prospective design.
婴儿期的关键行为表型之一是不同的气质特征，某些早期生活的气质特征已被证明会先于后期的心理健康问题。肠道微生物群落组成（GMC）的差异被认为与神经发育有关。例如，幼儿的气质特征与 GMC 的差异有关；然而，尽管婴儿期是神经发育和 GM 发育的快速时期，但在婴儿中缺乏研究。因此，我们旨在研究婴儿 GMC 与气质之间的关系。
研究人群（n=301，男孩占 53%）来自芬兰脑出生队列研究。从 2.5 个月大的婴儿中采集粪便样本，并使用 16S Illumina MiSeq 平台进行测序。在 6 个月大时，根据婴儿行为问卷修订版（IBQ-R）的母亲报告，研究了 GMC 的分类组成（属和 OTU 水平）、观察到的样本聚类、多样性和丰富度与气质的关系。
根据 GMC 确定了三个样本聚类（双歧杆菌/肠杆菌科、拟杆菌、V. Dispar），其中双歧杆菌/肠杆菌科聚类在 IBQ-R 主要维度调节及其定向持续时间子量表上的得分高于拟杆菌聚类。这些聚类以性别依赖的方式与气质相关。IBQ-R 主要维度活跃性（积极情绪）与双歧杆菌属和链球菌属呈正相关。多样性与消极情绪和恐惧反应呈负相关。
这是一项前瞻性设计的研究，首次证明了年轻婴儿的 GMC 与气质之间存在关联，但不是因果关系。
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