University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Bacterial Genetics, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Virology, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2019 May 27;9(1):7899. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44460-4.
Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus inhabit various pristine and anthropologically-shaped environments. Many Paracoccus spp. have biotechnological value and several are opportunistic human pathogens. Despite extensive knowledge of their metabolic potential and genome architecture, little is known about viruses of Paracoccus spp. So far, only three active phages infecting these bacteria have been identified. In this study, 16 Paracoccus strains were screened for the presence of active temperate phages, which resulted in the identification of five novel viruses. Mitomycin C-induced prophages were isolated, visualized and their genomes sequenced and thoroughly analyzed, including functional validation of their toxin-antitoxin systems. This led to the identification of the first active Myoviridae phage in Paracoccus spp. and four novel Siphoviridae phages. In addition, another 53 prophages were distinguished in silico within genomic sequences of Paracoccus spp. available in public databases. Thus, the Paracoccus virome was defined as being composed of 66 (pro)phages. Comparative analyses revealed the diversity and mosaicism of the (pro)phage genomes. Moreover, similarity networking analysis highlighted the uniqueness of Paracoccus (pro)phages among known bacterial viruses.
副球菌属的细菌栖息于各种原始和人为形成的环境中。许多副球菌属物种具有生物技术价值，其中一些是机会性病原体。尽管人们对其代谢潜力和基因组结构有广泛的了解，但对副球菌属的病毒知之甚少。到目前为止，只鉴定出了三种感染这些细菌的活性噬菌体。在这项研究中，筛选了 16 株副球菌属菌株以检测是否存在活性温和噬菌体，结果鉴定出了五种新型病毒。分离出了丝氨酸诱导的前噬菌体，对其进行了可视化，并对其基因组进行了测序和彻底分析，包括对其毒素-抗毒素系统的功能验证。这导致了第一个在副球菌属中活跃的肌尾噬菌体和四个新型长尾噬菌体的鉴定。此外，在公共数据库中可用的副球菌属基因组序列中还以计算机算法区分出了另外 53 个前噬菌体。因此，将副球菌属病毒组定义为由 66 个（前）噬菌体组成。比较分析显示了（前）噬菌体基因组的多样性和镶嵌性。此外，相似性网络分析突出了副球菌属（前）噬菌体在已知细菌病毒中的独特性。
