Hooper Paula, Boulange Claire, Arciniegas Gustavo, Foster Sarah, Bolleter Julian, Pettit Chris
Australian Urban Design Research Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Perth, Western Australia.
KPMG Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
Int J Health Geogr. 2021 Aug 18;20(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12942-021-00291-z.
There is consensus that planning professionals need clearer guidance on the features that are likely to produce optimal community-wide health benefits. However, much of this evidence resides in academic literature and not in tools accessible to the diverse group of professionals shaping our cities. Incorporating health-related metrics into the planning support systems (PSS) provides an opportunity to apply empirical evidence on built environment relationships with health-related outcomes to inform real-world land use and transportation planning decisions. This paper explores the role of planning support systems (PSS) to facilitate the translation and application of health evidence into urban planning and design practices to create healthy, liveable communities.
A review of PSS software and a literature review of studies featuring a PSS modelling built environmental features and health impact assessment for designing and creating healthy urban areas was undertaken. Customising existing software, a health impact PSS (the Urban Health Check) was then piloted with a real-world planning application to evaluate the usefulness and benefits of a health impact PSS for demonstrating and communicating potential health impacts of design scenarios in planning practice.
Eleven PSS software applications were identified, of which three were identified as having the capability to undertake health impact analyses. Three studies met the inclusion criteria of presenting a planning support system customised to support health impact assessment with health impacts modelled or estimated due to changes to the built environment. Evaluation results indicated the Urban Health Check PSS helped in four key areas: visualisation of how the neighbourhood would change in response to a proposed plan; understanding how a plan could benefit the community; Communicate and improve understanding health of planning and design decisions that positively impact health outcomes.
The use of health-impact PSS have the potential to be transformative for the translation and application of health evidence into planning policy and practice, providing those responsible for the policy and practice of designing and creating our communities with access to quantifiable, evidence-based information about how their decisions might impact community health.
人们普遍认为，规划专业人员需要在可能产生最佳社区健康效益的特征方面获得更清晰的指导。然而，这些证据大多存在于学术文献中，而非塑造我们城市的各类专业人员可使用的工具中。将与健康相关的指标纳入规划支持系统（PSS），为应用关于建筑环境与健康相关结果之间关系的实证证据提供了机会，以指导实际的土地利用和交通规划决策。本文探讨了规划支持系统（PSS）在促进将健康证据转化并应用于城市规划和设计实践以创建健康、宜居社区方面的作用。
对PSS软件进行了综述，并对以PSS建模建筑环境特征和健康影响评估来设计和创建健康城市区域的研究进行了文献综述。通过定制现有软件，然后将健康影响PSS（城市健康检查）应用于实际规划应用中进行试点，以评估健康影响PSS在规划实践中展示和传达设计方案潜在健康影响的有用性和效益。
确定了11个PSS软件应用程序，其中3个被确定有能力进行健康影响分析。三项研究符合纳入标准，这些研究展示了为支持健康影响评估而定制的规划支持系统，并对由于建筑环境变化而建模或估计的健康影响进行了评估。评估结果表明，城市健康检查PSS在四个关键领域有所帮助：可视化社区对拟议计划的响应变化；理解计划如何使社区受益；沟通并增进对积极影响健康结果的规划和设计决策的健康理解。
使用健康影响PSS有可能在将健康证据转化并应用于规划政策和实践方面带来变革，为负责设计和创建我们社区的政策和实践人员提供有关其决策可能如何影响社区健康的可量化、基于证据的信息。
