Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Botanical Raw Materials Production Department 2, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.
PLoS One. 2019 May 28;14(5):e0217522. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217522. eCollection 2019.
Rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea are used in traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) and Chinese medicine to treat numerous diseases and disorders because they contain many pharmacologically active compounds. The major active compounds in A. lancea are essential oil compounds such as β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin. The contents of the compounds in A. lancea exhibit high variability depending on their habitat. We cultivated clonal lines of A. lancea in different years (2016, 2017) and different locations (Hokkaido, Ibaraki) to investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the contents of major compounds, namely, β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin. Broad sense heritability of β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin contents were 0.84, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. The effects of interannual variability on the contents of the compounds were lower than those of genotype. In addition, the cultivated environmental factors were assessed by different locations, and the correlations between Hokkaido and Ibaraki grown plants based on β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin contents were 0.94, 0.94, 1.00, and 0.83, respectively. The results suggest that the contents of β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin in A. lancea are largely influenced by genetic factors, and clonal propagation could be an effective strategy for obtaining populations with high contents of essential oil compounds. Furthermore, the contents of β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin in A. lancea exhibited few correlations with rhizome yields. A. lancea cultivars with not only high contents of essential oil compounds but also high rhizome yield could be developed through selective breeding.
苍术根茎在传统的日本医学（汉方医学）和中医中被用于治疗许多疾病和失调，因为它们含有许多具有药理活性的化合物。苍术中的主要活性化合物是挥发油化合物，如β-桉叶醇、大根香叶醇、苍术醇和苍术素。苍术中化合物的含量因栖息地而异表现出高度的可变性。我们在不同年份（2016 年、2017 年）和不同地点（北海道、茨城县）种植了苍术的无性系，以研究遗传和环境因素对主要化合物含量的影响，即β-桉叶醇、大根香叶醇、苍术醇和苍术素。β-桉叶醇、大根香叶醇、苍术醇和苍术素含量的广义遗传力分别为 0.84、0.77、0.86 和 0.87。年际变异性对化合物含量的影响低于基因型。此外，还通过不同地点评估了栽培环境因素，基于β-桉叶醇、大根香叶醇、苍术醇和苍术素含量，北海道和茨城县种植的植物之间的相关性分别为 0.94、0.94、1.00 和 0.83。结果表明，苍术中β-桉叶醇、大根香叶醇、苍术醇和苍术素的含量主要受遗传因素影响，无性繁殖可能是获得高含量挥发油化合物的有效策略。此外，苍术中β-桉叶醇、大根香叶醇、苍术醇和苍术素的含量与根茎产量相关性不大。通过选择性育种，可以开发出不仅含有高含量挥发油化合物而且根茎产量高的苍术品种。
