Kandekar Ujjwala, Pujari Rohini, Munot Neha, Chorge Trushal, Lone Krishnakumar, Kamble Pallavi, Kishanchand Khandelwal
Department of Pharmaceutics, JSPMS Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy and Research, Tathwade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2023;17(2):91-103. doi: 10.2174/1872210516666220905092202.
Recently, nano-drug delivery systems have become an integral part of the most novel drug delivery systems and have gained considerable importance owing to various advantages such as carriers for poorly soluble drugs, targeting molecules at the desired site, protection from degradation etc. Objective: One of the most studied areas of nanotechnology is nanosponges. The objective of this review was to extensively summarize the various strategies for the preparation, characterization and applications of nanosponges.
In the current mini-review, we conducted a systemic search of the literature and patent inventions focusing on nanosponges. The summary of the search was inclusive of various aspects of nanosponges, such as drug characteristics to be considered while incorporating in nanosponges, other crucial additives during formulation of nanosponges, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of nanosponges in pharmaceuticals.
Nanosponges are nanocarriers for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. These are prepared by different methods such as emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent method, melting method, ultrasound assisted method etc., and all these methods were less time consuming, more economical and evaluated by sophisticated techniques available for routine analysis. These are among the most feasible alternative to address several formulation difficulties associated with the physicochemical properties of the drug. The porous nature and small particle size are vital properties of the nanosponges that contribute crucially to correcting the drawbacks of the drug. The properties of the nanosponges can be enhanced when combined with cyclodextrins. Extensive research work has been carried out in past to explore cyclodextrin based nanosponges. Besides, it is also used for smart targeting of tumors and for drug release in a sustainable pattern. Nanosponges can be prepared by simple methods. These can be tuned to release the drug by different routes so as to achieve the maximum benefits of the drug.
Huge amount of research has been carried out on nanosponges as drug carrier. The method of preparation and characterization of nanosponges are quite economical and routinely available. Owing to potential benefits and probable applications, these can be used as efficient carriers for certain drugs. The authors expect that the current review will guide the investigation of the nanosponges as nanodrug delivery systems.
近年来，纳米药物递送系统已成为最新型药物递送系统的一个组成部分，由于其具有多种优势，如作为难溶性药物的载体、将分子靶向至所需部位、防止降解等，因而变得相当重要。目的：纳米技术中研究最多的领域之一是纳米海绵。本综述的目的是广泛总结纳米海绵制备、表征及应用的各种策略。
在当前的小型综述中，我们对聚焦于纳米海绵的文献和专利发明进行了系统检索。检索总结涵盖了纳米海绵的各个方面，如纳入纳米海绵时要考虑的药物特性、纳米海绵制剂过程中的其他关键添加剂、制备方法、表征以及纳米海绵在制药领域的应用。
纳米海绵是亲脂性和亲水性药物的纳米载体。它们通过不同方法制备，如乳液 - 溶剂蒸发法、溶剂法、熔融法、超声辅助法等，所有这些方法耗时少、更经济，且可通过用于常规分析的精密技术进行评估。它们是解决与药物物理化学性质相关的若干制剂难题的最可行替代方法之一。多孔性质和小粒径是纳米海绵的重要特性，对纠正药物的缺点至关重要。与环糊精结合时，纳米海绵的性能可得到增强。过去已经开展了广泛的研究工作来探索基于环糊精的纳米海绵。此外，它还用于肿瘤的智能靶向和药物的可持续释放。纳米海绵可通过简单方法制备。可以对其进行调整以通过不同途径释放药物，从而实现药物的最大效益。
作为药物载体，已经对纳米海绵开展了大量研究。纳米海绵的制备和表征方法相当经济且常规可用。由于其潜在益处和可能的应用，它们可作为某些药物的有效载体。作者期望当前的综述将指导对作为纳米药物递送系统的纳米海绵的研究。
