Pritchard P H, O'Neill E J, Spain C M, Ahearn D G
Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Georgia.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Aug;53(8):1833-8. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.8.1833-1838.1987.
Shake-flask and microcosm studies were conducted to determine the fate of para-chlorophenol (p-CP) in water and sediment systems and the role of sediment and nonsediment surfaces in the biodegradation process. Biodegradation of p-CP in estuarine water samples in shake flasks was slow over incubation periods of 300 h. The addition of detrital sediment resulted in immediate and rapid degradation evidenced by the production of 14CO2 from [14C]p-CP. The addition of sterile sediment, glass beads, or sand resulted in approximately four to six times more CO2 evolution than observed in the water alone. Densities of p-CP-degrading bacteria associated with the detrital sediment were 100 times greater than those enumerated in water. Bacteria in the water and associated with the sediment after preexposure of both water and sediment of p-CP demonstrated enhanced biodegradation. In some microcosms, p-CP was degraded completely in the top 1.0 cm of intact sediment beds. Sediment reworking activities by benthic invertebrates from one site were sufficient to mix p-CP deep into the sediment bed faster than biodegradation or molecular diffusion. p-CP was persistent at lower depths of the sediment, possibly a result of reduced oxygen conditions preventing aerobic biodegradation.
进行了摇瓶和微观世界研究，以确定对氯苯酚（p-CP）在水和沉积物系统中的归宿，以及沉积物和非沉积物表面在生物降解过程中的作用。在摇瓶中，河口水样中p-CP的生物降解在300小时的培养期内进行得很慢。添加碎屑沉积物导致[14C]p-CP产生14CO2，从而证明了立即且快速的降解。添加无菌沉积物、玻璃珠或沙子导致的CO2释放量比仅在水中观察到的多大约四到六倍。与碎屑沉积物相关的p-CP降解细菌的密度比水中计数的密度大100倍。在预先暴露于p-CP的水和沉积物后，水中和与沉积物相关的细菌表现出增强的生物降解能力。在一些微观世界中，p-CP在完整沉积物床的顶部1.0厘米处被完全降解。来自一个地点的底栖无脊椎动物的沉积物改造活动足以使p-CP比生物降解或分子扩散更快地深入混合到沉积物床中。p-CP在沉积物较深的地方持续存在，这可能是由于氧气条件降低阻止了需氧生物降解的结果。
