Detection and Genomic Characterization of a Isolate From China That Produces NDM-5.

The increasing prevalence and transmission of the carbapenem resistance gene has led to a severe threat to public health. So far, has been widely detected in various species of and different hosts across various cities. However, there is no report on the harboring In January 2016, the first NDM-5-producing L241 was found in a stool sample of a patient diagnosed as recurrence of liver cancer in China. Identification of the species was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Carbapenemase genes were identified through both PCR and sequencing. To investigate the characteristics and complete genome sequence of the -harboring clinical isolate, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, S1 nuclease pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, transconjugation experiment, complete genome sequencing, and comparative genomic analysis were performed. L241 was found to be resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. The complete genome of L241 is made up from both a 3,850,444 bp circular chromosome and a 46,161 bp self-transmissible IncX3 plasmid encoding , which shared a conserved genetic context of (ΔIS-ΔIS-IS- ----IS). BLASTn analysis showed that IncX3 plasmids harboring genes have been found in 15 species among from 13 different countries around the world thus far. In addition, comparative genomic analysis showed that L241 exhibits a close relationship to KT with 107 SNPs. Our research demonstrated that IncX3 is a key element in the worldwide dissemination of - among various species. Further research will be necessary to control and prevent the spread of such plasmids.