Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Laboratory of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Douala, P.O Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Jun 13;12(1):297. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3552-2.
Effective malaria control relies on evidence-based interventions. Anopheline behaviour and Plasmodium infections were investigated in North Cameroon, following long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) distribution in 2010.
During four consecutive years from 2011 to 2014, adult mosquitoes were collected indoors, outdoors and in exit traps across 38 locations in the Garoua, Pitoa and Mayo-Oulo health districts. Anophelines were morphologically and molecularly identified, then analysed for blood meal origins and Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (Pf-CSP). Blood from children under 5 years-old using LLINs was examined for Plasmodium infections.
Overall, 9376 anophelines belonging to 14 species/sibling species were recorded. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) [An. arabiensis (73.3%), An. coluzzii (17.6%) and An. gambiae (s.s.) (9.1%)] was predominant (72%), followed by An. funestus (s.l.) (20.5%) and An. rufipes (6.5%). The recorded blood meals were mainly from humans (28%), cattle (15.6%) and sheep (11.6%) or mixed (45%). Pf-CSP rates were higher indoors (3.2-5.4%) versus outdoors (0.8-2.0%), and increased yearly (χ < 18, df = 10, P < 0.03). Malaria prevalence in children under 5 years-old, in households using LLINs was 30% (924/3088).
The present study revealed the variability of malaria vector resting and feeding behaviour, and the persistence of Plasmodium infections regardless the use of LLINs. Supplementary interventions to LLINs are therefore needed to sustain malaria prevention in North Cameroon.
有效的疟疾控制依赖于基于证据的干预措施。在 2010 年长效杀虫剂蚊帐（LLIN）分发后，在喀麦隆北部对按蚊行为和疟原虫感染进行了调查。
在 2011 年至 2014 年的四年中，在加鲁阿、皮托和马约-奥洛卫生区的 38 个地点，室内、室外和出口陷阱中收集了成年蚊子。按蚊进行了形态和分子鉴定，然后分析了其血液来源和恶性疟原虫环子孢子蛋白（Pf-CSP）。使用 LLIN 的 5 岁以下儿童的血液被检查疟原虫感染情况。
总共记录了 9376 只属于 14 种/姐妹种的按蚊。冈比亚按蚊（s.l.）[安。arabiensis（73.3%）、安。coluzzii（17.6%）和安。gambiae（s.s.）（9.1%）]占主导地位（72%），其次是安。funestus（s.l.）（20.5%）和安。rufipes（6.5%）。记录的血液来源主要来自人类（28%）、牛（15.6%）和羊（11.6%）或混合（45%）。Pf-CSP 率室内较高（3.2-5.4%），室外较低（0.8-2.0%），且逐年增加（χ < 18，df = 10，P < 0.03）。使用 LLIN 的家庭中，5 岁以下儿童的疟疾患病率为 30%（924/3088）。
本研究揭示了疟疾媒介休息和摄食行为的可变性，以及即使使用 LLIN，疟原虫感染仍持续存在。因此，需要在 LLIN 的基础上补充干预措施，以维持喀麦隆北部的疟疾预防。
