Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 13;20(12):2888. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122888.
The advent of precise genome-editing tools has revolutionized the way we create new plant varieties. Three groups of tools are now available, classified according to their mechanism of action: Programmable sequence-specific nucleases, base-editing enzymes, and oligonucleotides. The corresponding techniques not only lead to different outcomes, but also have implications for the public acceptance and regulatory approval of genome-edited plants. Despite the high efficiency and precision of the tools, there are still major bottlenecks in the generation of new and improved varieties, including the efficient delivery of the genome-editing reagents, the selection of desired events, and the regeneration of intact plants. In this review, we evaluate current delivery and regeneration methods, discuss their suitability for important crop species, and consider the practical aspects of applying the different genome-editing techniques in agriculture.
精确基因组编辑工具的出现彻底改变了我们创造新植物品种的方式。目前有三类工具，根据其作用机制进行分类：可编程序列特异性核酸酶、碱基编辑酶和寡核苷酸。相应的技术不仅导致不同的结果，而且对公众对基因组编辑植物的接受程度和监管批准也有影响。尽管这些工具具有高效性和精确性，但在生成新的和改良的品种方面仍然存在主要瓶颈，包括基因组编辑试剂的有效传递、所需事件的选择以及完整植物的再生。在这篇综述中，我们评估了当前的传递和再生方法，讨论了它们在重要作物物种中的适用性，并考虑了在农业中应用不同基因组编辑技术的实际方面。
