Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India.
Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Nat Plants. 2021 Sep;7(9):1166-1187. doi: 10.1038/s41477-021-00991-1. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
The development of CRISPR-Cas systems has sparked a genome editing revolution in plant genetics and breeding. These sequence-specific RNA-guided nucleases can induce DNA double-stranded breaks, resulting in mutations by imprecise non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair or precise DNA sequence replacement by homology-directed repair (HDR). However, HDR is highly inefficient in many plant species, which has greatly limited precise genome editing in plants. To fill the vital gap in precision editing, base editing and prime editing technologies have recently been developed and demonstrated in numerous plant species. These technologies, which are mainly based on Cas9 nickases, can introduce precise changes into the target genome at a single-base resolution. This Review provides a timely overview of the current status of base editors and prime editors in plants, covering both technological developments and biological applications.
CRISPR-Cas 系统的发展在植物遗传学和育种领域引发了一场基因组编辑革命。这些序列特异性 RNA 指导的核酸酶可以诱导 DNA 双链断裂，通过非精确同源末端连接（NHEJ）修复或通过同源定向修复（HDR）精确替换 DNA 序列导致突变。然而，在许多植物物种中，HDR 的效率非常低，这极大地限制了植物中的精确基因组编辑。为了填补精确编辑的重要空白，碱基编辑和先导编辑技术最近在许多植物物种中得到了开发和验证。这些技术主要基于 Cas9 切口酶，可以在单碱基分辨率下对靶基因组进行精确的改变。本综述及时概述了植物中碱基编辑器和先导编辑器的现状，涵盖了技术发展和生物学应用。
