Teleky Bernadette-Emőke, Vodnar Dan Cristian
Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2019 Jun 11;11(6):1035. doi: 10.3390/polym11061035.
Biomass, the only source of renewable organic carbon on Earth, offers an efficient substrate for bio-based organic acid production as an alternative to the leading petrochemical industry based on non-renewable resources. Itaconic acid (IA) is one of the most important organic acids that can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass. IA, a 5-C dicarboxylic acid, is a promising platform chemical with extensive applications; therefore, it is included in the top 12 building block chemicals by the US Department of Energy. Biotechnologically, IA production can take place through fermentation with fungi like and strains or with metabolically engineered bacteria like and . Bio-based IA represents a feasible substitute for petrochemically produced acrylic acid, paints, varnishes, biodegradable polymers, and other different organic compounds. IA and its derivatives, due to their trifunctional structure, support the synthesis of a wide range of innovative polymers through crosslinking, with applications in special hydrogels for water decontamination, targeted drug delivery (especially in cancer treatment), smart nanohydrogels in food applications, coatings, and elastomers. The present review summarizes the latest research regarding major IA production pathways, metabolic engineering procedures, and the synthesis and applications of novel polymeric materials.
生物质是地球上唯一的可再生有机碳源，作为基于不可再生资源的领先石化工业的替代方案，它为生物基有机酸生产提供了一种高效的底物。衣康酸（IA）是可从木质纤维素生物质中获得的最重要的有机酸之一。IA是一种5碳二羧酸，是一种具有广泛应用前景的平台化学品；因此，它被美国能源部列入12种基础化学品之列。从生物技术角度来看，IA的生产可以通过与如曲霉属和青霉属菌株等真菌进行发酵，或者与如大肠杆菌和谷氨酸棒杆菌等经过代谢工程改造的细菌进行发酵来实现。生物基IA是石化生产的丙烯酸、油漆、清漆、可生物降解聚合物及其他不同有机化合物的可行替代品。IA及其衍生物由于其具有三官能团结构，可通过交联支持多种创新聚合物的合成，应用于用于水净化的特殊水凝胶、靶向药物递送（尤其是在癌症治疗中）、食品应用中的智能纳米水凝胶、涂料和弹性体等领域。本综述总结了有关IA主要生产途径、代谢工程方法以及新型聚合物材料的合成与应用的最新研究。
