Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Immunity. 2019 Jun 18;50(6):1365-1379. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.023.
The mammalian intestine is colonized by a wealth of microorganisms-including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi-that are all integrated into a functional trans-kingdom community. Characterization of the composition of the fungal community-the mycobiota-has advanced further than the much-needed mechanistic studies. Recent findings have revealed roles for the gut mycobiota in the regulation of host immunity and in the development and progression of human diseases of inflammatory origin. We review these findings here while placing them in the context of the current understanding of the pathways and cellular networks that induce local and systemic immune responses to fungi in the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss gaps in knowledge and argue for the importance of considering bacteria-fungal interactions as we aim to define the roles of mycobiota in immune homeostasis and immune-associated pathologies.
哺乳动物的肠道中定植着大量的微生物，包括细菌、病毒、原生动物和真菌，它们共同构成了一个功能性的跨微生物群落。真菌群落（真菌组）的组成特征的研究比急需的机制研究更为深入。最近的研究结果揭示了肠道真菌组在宿主免疫调节以及炎症来源的人类疾病的发生和发展中的作用。我们在这里回顾了这些发现，并将其置于当前对诱导胃肠道内真菌产生局部和全身免疫反应的途径和细胞网络的理解背景下进行讨论。我们讨论了知识上的差距，并认为在确定真菌组在免疫稳态和免疫相关病理中的作用时，考虑细菌-真菌相互作用非常重要。
