Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Centro, C.P, 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Aug;26(24):24946-24957. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05696-9. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an A-esterase calcium-dependent enzyme that is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and capable of hydrolyzing a wide variety of substrates, including organophosphate (OP) pesticides. The PON1 phenotype can be modulated by multiple internal and external factors, thereby affecting the catalytic capacity of the enzyme. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that could modulate PON1 activity in a sample occupationally exposed to pesticides. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried out with 240 workers. The participants were stratified according to their level of pesticide exposure as reference, moderate-exposure, and high-exposure groups. PON1 activities (arylesterase/AREase, CMPAase, and ssPONase (salt-stimulated)) were determined by spectrophotometry, and the Q192R and L55MPON1 genotypes by real-time PCR. The most frequent genotypes were heterozygous (QR) and homozygous (LL) for PON1Q192R and PON1L55M polymorphisms, respectively. The internal factors associated with the activity of PON1 were the PON1 genotypes (55 and 192) and biochemical parameters related to the lipid profile, in contrast, various external factors related to diet and harmful habits as well as with exposure to pesticides were associated with the activity of PON1. However, using a multivariate mixed ordinal regression model, we found a significant reduction of ssPONase activity in the high-exposure group compared with the reference group only in haplotypes QQLL and RRLL.
对氧磷酶 1（PON1）是一种 A-酯酶钙依赖性酶，与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）相关，能够水解包括有机磷（OP）农药在内的多种底物。PON1 表型可以通过多种内部和外部因素进行调节，从而影响酶的催化能力。本研究旨在评估可能调节职业接触农药人群中 PON1 活性的因素。采用横断面、描述性和分析性研究方法，对 240 名工人进行研究。根据其接触农药的程度，将参与者分为参照组、中度暴露组和高度暴露组。通过分光光度法测定 PON1 活性（芳基酯酶/AREase、CMPAase 和 ssPONase（盐刺激）），并通过实时 PCR 测定 PON1Q192R 和 L55MPON1 基因型。PON1Q192R 和 PON1L55M 多态性最常见的基因型分别为杂合子（QR）和纯合子（LL）。与 PON1 活性相关的内部因素是 PON1 基因型（55 和 192）和与脂质谱相关的生化参数，而与饮食和不良习惯以及接触农药有关的各种外部因素与 PON1 活性有关。然而，使用多元混合有序回归模型，我们发现仅在 QQLL 和 RRLL 单倍型中，高暴露组的 ssPONase 活性与参照组相比显著降低。
