Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020 Feb;51(1):27-38. doi: 10.1007/s10578-019-00907-3.
Self-control is protective against psychopathology in childhood. However, too much self-control, namely overcontrol, potentiates risk. Overcontrol is a constellation of child characteristics related to high need for control, perfectionism, inflexibility, social comparison, and performance monitoring and is a transdiagnostic risk factor associated with psychiatric disorders across the lifespan. However, there are no quick and developmentally appropriate screeners to identify overcontrol in early childhood, when overcontrol purportedly becomes stable. The current study validated the Overcontrol in Youth Checklist (OCYC) in 4-7 year old children and examined relationships with cognitive, social, and psychiatric, neural and behavioral indicators. The OCYC demonstrated good psychometrics and was associated with deficits in cognitive shifting, social functioning, and preschool psychopathology. Higher OCYC scores were associated with a blunted ΔERN, an indicator of performance monitoring in preschoolers. Findings demonstrate the OCYC to be a developmentally valid measure of overcontrol that identifies this transdiagnostic risk factor early in development.
自我控制可以预防儿童期精神病理学。然而，过度的自我控制，即过度控制，会增加风险。过度控制是一组与高控制需求、完美主义、不灵活性、社会比较和表现监测相关的儿童特征，是与整个生命周期中各种精神障碍相关的跨诊断风险因素。然而，目前还没有快速且适合发展的筛查工具来识别幼儿期的过度控制，因为据称过度控制在这个时期会变得稳定。本研究在 4 至 7 岁的儿童中验证了《青少年过度控制检查表》（OCYC），并考察了其与认知、社会和精神疾病、神经和行为指标的关系。OCYC 表现出良好的心理测量学特性，与认知转换、社会功能和学龄前精神病理学缺陷有关。较高的 OCYC 评分与学龄前儿童 ΔERN 减弱有关，这是表现监测的一个指标。研究结果表明，OCYC 是一种具有发展效度的过度控制测量工具，它可以在早期发育阶段识别出这种跨诊断风险因素。
