Mahabee-Gittens E Melinda, Merianos Ashley L, Stone Lara, Tabangin Meredith E, Khoury Jane C, Gordon Judith S
Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Tob Use Insights. 2019 Jun 19;12:1179173X19841392. doi: 10.1177/1179173X19841392. eCollection 2019.
More information is needed about modifiable child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) patterns in racially diverse parental smokers to tailor interventions designed to help parents quit smoking and reduce their child's TSE. Our objectives were to determine whether there were differences in smoking and TSE patterns based on parental race and child age and whether these patterns differed based on child age within black and white parental smokers. Secondary objectives were to assess the relationship between parental perceptions about the effects of smoking and the benefits of quitting on their child based on child age, race, and reported TSE patterns and to examine biochemically verified TSE levels by child age, race, and parent-reported TSE patterns.
Participants (N = 415) were non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white parental smokers, mean age (standard deviation [SD]) = 31.2 (7.2) years, who visited the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) or Urgent Care (UC) with their child, mean age (SD) = 4.7 (4.6) years. Parents reported sociodemographics, smoking, and child TSE patterns. We conducted chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and general linear regression models to answer our primary objectives and linear regression models to answer our secondary objectives.
Parents were 56.1% non-Hispanic black; 87.5% women; mean (SD) number of cigarettes smoked/day was 10.5(6.8). A higher proportion of parents with younger children <3 years old reported smoking bans compared with parents with older children ⩾3 to <18 years old (41.3% vs 19.7%, < .0001). Subsequent analyses revealed this pattern for both black and white parents. A total of 212 (51%) of children had biochemical assessment of TSE; 89.6% had detectable TSE. Younger children had significantly higher cotinine levels than older children independent of their race ( < .001).
Children of parental smokers who visit the PED/UC were highly tobacco smoke exposed. Both black and white parental smokers with younger children were more likely to enforce smoking bans, but younger children had higher TSE levels than older children. Interventions that target this group of parental smokers with younger children may be more effective than interventions geared to all parental smokers.
需要更多关于不同种族的父母吸烟者中可改变的儿童烟草烟雾暴露（TSE）模式的信息，以便制定旨在帮助父母戒烟并减少其子女TSE的干预措施。我们的目标是确定基于父母种族和儿童年龄的吸烟和TSE模式是否存在差异，以及在黑人和白人父母吸烟者中这些模式是否因儿童年龄而异。次要目标是评估基于儿童年龄、种族和报告的TSE模式，父母对吸烟对其子女的影响以及戒烟益处的认知之间的关系，并按儿童年龄、种族和父母报告的TSE模式检查经生化验证的TSE水平。
参与者（N = 415）为非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人父母吸烟者，平均年龄（标准差[SD]）= 31.2（7.2）岁，他们带着平均年龄（SD）= 4.7（4.6）岁的孩子前往儿科急诊科（PED）或紧急护理中心（UC）。父母报告了社会人口统计学、吸烟情况和儿童TSE模式。我们进行了卡方检验、独立t检验和一般线性回归模型以回答我们的主要目标，以及线性回归模型以回答我们的次要目标。
父母中56.1%为非西班牙裔黑人；87.5%为女性；平均（SD）每天吸烟支数为10.5（6.8）。与有3至<18岁较大孩子的父母相比，有<3岁较小孩子的父母中报告实施吸烟禁令的比例更高（41.3%对19.7%，P <.0001）。后续分析显示黑人和白人父母均存在这种模式。共有212名（51%）儿童进行了TSE的生化评估；89.6%检测到有TSE。与年龄较大的儿童相比，年龄较小的儿童无论种族如何，其可替宁水平均显著更高（P <.001）。
前往PED/UC的父母吸烟者的子女烟草烟雾暴露程度很高。有较小孩子的黑人和白人父母吸烟者都更有可能实施吸烟禁令，但年龄较小的儿童TSE水平高于年龄较大的儿童。针对有较小孩子的这组父母吸烟者的干预措施可能比针对所有父母吸烟者的干预措施更有效。
