马来西亚父母对儿童二手烟暴露相关的健康风险认知和预防措施。
Parental health risk perceptions and preventive measures related to Children's second-hand cigarette smoke exposure in Malaysia.
机构信息
Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Paediatric Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Oct 15;21(1):1860. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11825-2.
BACKGROUND
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure can affect physical development in children. An understanding of parental risk perception of SHS could guide efforts to develop measures for prevention of SHS exposure among children. This study aimed to assess parental risk perceptions of SHS and action taken by parents to minimise SHS exposure in their children.
METHODS
This cross-sectional nationwide study conducted in 2018 recruited convenience sample of 289 parents with children up to age 12 at public areas. Parents were asked to rate the risk level from 1 (no risk) to 5 (extremely high risk) by looking at photographs of an adult smoking in the presence of a child in 8 different situations. The implementation of smoking restriction rules was assessed. Mean scores were calculated with higher scores representing higher risk perception of SHS to child's health. Linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the level of parental risk perception of SHS exposure to their children's health.
RESULTS
A total of 246 parents responded. Their mean age was 35 years (SD 6.4). The majority were mothers (75.6%), Malays (72.0%) and had tertiary education level (82.5%), and non-smoker (87.1%). The mean age of respondents' youngest child was 3 years (SD 3.1). The risk perception level was high [mean scores: 4.11 (SD: 0.82)]. Most parents implemented household (65.0%) and car (68.3%) smoking restriction rules. Lower levels of risk perception were observed among participants who were current smokers (p < 0.001), lived with a smoker (p < 0.001), allowed household smoking with an open window (p = 0.027).
CONCLUSION
Most parents perceived that risks of SHS exposure to their children were high but only two-thirds of them had set rules prohibiting smoking. Health policymakers should pay attention to factors associated with lower risk perception among parents.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (Registration Number: NMRR-18-3299-44967 ).
背景
二手烟（SHS）暴露会影响儿童的身体发育。了解父母对 SHS 的风险感知可以指导我们努力制定预防儿童 SHS 暴露的措施。本研究旨在评估父母对 SHS 的风险感知以及父母为减少儿童 SHS 暴露而采取的行动。
方法
本横断面全国性研究于 2018 年在公共场所招募了 289 名 12 岁以下儿童的父母作为便利样本。父母通过查看 8 种不同情境下成人在儿童面前吸烟的照片，对风险水平进行 1（无风险）至 5（极高风险）的评分。评估实施吸烟限制规则的情况。计算平均得分，得分越高表示对 SHS 对儿童健康的风险感知越高。线性回归分析用于确定与父母对子女 SHS 暴露健康风险感知水平相关的因素。
结果
共有 246 名家长做出回应。他们的平均年龄为 35 岁（标准差 6.4）。大多数是母亲（75.6%）、马来人（72.0%）和拥有高等教育学历（82.5%），且不吸烟（87.1%）。受访者最小的孩子年龄为 3 岁（标准差 3.1）。风险感知水平较高[平均得分：4.11（标准差：0.82）]。大多数父母实施了家庭（65.0%）和汽车（68.3%）的吸烟限制规则。在当前吸烟者（p<0.001）、与吸烟者同住（p<0.001）、允许家庭吸烟时开着窗户（p=0.027）的参与者中，风险感知水平较低。
结论
大多数父母认为 SHS 暴露对子女的风险较高，但只有三分之二的父母制定了禁止吸烟的规则。卫生政策制定者应关注与父母较低风险感知相关的因素。
试验注册
本研究得到了马来西亚卫生部医学研究伦理委员会的批准（注册号：NMRR-18-3299-44967）。
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