Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, 71966-700 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jun 29;16(13):2310. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132310.
Recent studies investigating elite and master athletes in pool- and long-distance open-water swimming showed for elite swimmers that the fastest women were able to outperform the fastest men, and for master athletes that elderly women were able to achieve a similar performance to elderly men. The present study investigating age group records in runners from 5 km to 6 days aimed to test this hypothesis for master runners. Data from the American Master Road Running Records were analyzed, for 5 km, 8 km, 10 km, 10 miles, 20 km, half-marathon, 25 km, 30 km, marathon, 50 km, 50 miles, 100 km, 100 miles, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 144 h, for athletes in age groups ranging from 40 to 99 years old. The performance gap between men and women showed higher effects in events lengthening from 5 km to 10 miles (d = 0.617) and lower effects in events lengthening from 12 to 144 h (d = 0.304) running. Both other groups showed similar effects, being 20 km to the marathon (d = 0.607) and 50 km to 100 miles (d = 0.563). The performance gap between men and women showed higher effects in the age groups 85 years and above (d = 0.953) followed by 55 to 69 years (d = 0.633), and lower effects for the age groups 40 to 54 years (d = 0.558) and 70 to 84 years (d = 0.508). In summary, men are faster than women in American road running events, however, the sex gap decreases with increasing age but not with increasing event length.
最近的研究调查了泳池和长距离公开水域游泳的精英和大师级运动员，结果表明，在精英选手中，最快的女性能够超过最快的男性，而在大师级运动员中，老年女性能够取得与老年男性相似的成绩。本研究旨在调查从 5 公里到 6 天的跑步者的年龄组记录，以检验大师级跑步者的这一假设。对美国大师级公路赛跑记录的数据进行了分析，包括 5 公里、8 公里、10 公里、10 英里、20 公里、半程马拉松、25 公里、30 公里、马拉松、50 公里、50 英里、100 公里、100 英里、12 小时、24 小时、48 小时和 144 小时的比赛，参赛者年龄在 40 岁至 99 岁之间。男子和女子之间的表现差距在从 5 公里到 10 英里的比赛中表现出更高的影响（d = 0.617），而在从 12 小时到 144 小时的比赛中表现出更低的影响（d = 0.304）。其他两个群体表现出相似的影响，即 20 公里到马拉松（d = 0.607）和 50 公里到 100 英里（d = 0.563）。男子和女子之间的表现差距在 85 岁及以上年龄组（d = 0.953）表现出更高的影响，其次是 55 岁至 69 岁年龄组（d = 0.633），而在 40 岁至 54 岁年龄组（d = 0.558）和 70 岁至 84 岁年龄组（d = 0.508）表现出较低的影响。总之，在美式公路赛跑项目中，男性比女性快，但性别差距随着年龄的增长而减小，而不是随着比赛长度的增加而减小。
