A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Street, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", 2 Academician Glushkov Avenue, Kiev 03022, Ukraine.
Biomed Res Int. 2019 May 27;2019:5806321. doi: 10.1155/2019/5806321. eCollection 2019.
TRPV1 has been originally cloned as the heat and capsaicin receptor implicated in acute pain signalling, while further research has shifted the focus to its importance in chronic pain caused by inflammation and associated with this TRPV1 sensitization. However, accumulating evidence suggests that, apart from pain signalling, TRPV1 subserves many other unrelated to nociception functions in the nervous system. In the brain, TRPV1 can modulate synaptic transmission via both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms and there is a functional crosstalk between GABA receptors and TRPV1. Other fundamental processes include TRPV1 role in plasticity, microglia-to-neuron communication, and brain development. Moreover, TRPV1 is widely expressed in the peripheral tissues, including the vasculature, gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, epithelial cells, and the cells of the immune system. TRPV1 can be activated by a large array of physical (heat, mechanical stimuli) and chemical factors (e.g., protons, capsaicin, resiniferatoxin, and endogenous ligands, such as endovanilloids). This causes two general cell effects, membrane depolarization and calcium influx, thus triggering depending on the cell-type diverse functional responses ranging from neuronal excitation to secretion and smooth muscle contraction. Here, we review recent research on the diverse TRPV1 functions with focus on the brain, vasculature, and some visceral systems as the basis of our better understanding of TRPV1 role in different human disorders.
TRPV1 最初被克隆为与急性疼痛信号传导有关的热和辣椒素受体，而进一步的研究则将重点转移到其在炎症引起的慢性疼痛中的重要性及其与 TRPV1 敏化的关系上。然而，越来越多的证据表明，除了疼痛信号传导外，TRPV1 在神经系统中还具有许多与伤害感受无关的其他功能。在大脑中，TRPV1 可以通过突触前和突触后机制来调节突触传递，并且 GABA 受体和 TRPV1 之间存在功能串扰。其他基本过程包括 TRPV1 在可塑性、小胶质细胞-神经元通讯和大脑发育中的作用。此外，TRPV1 在包括血管、胃肠道、膀胱、上皮细胞和免疫系统细胞在内的外周组织中广泛表达。TRPV1 可以被多种物理（热、机械刺激）和化学因素（如质子、辣椒素、树脂毒素和内源性配体，如内源性香草素）激活。这会导致两种一般的细胞效应，即膜去极化和钙内流，从而根据细胞类型触发从神经元兴奋到分泌和平滑肌收缩的不同功能反应。在这里，我们综述了 TRPV1 在大脑、血管和一些内脏系统中的多种功能的最新研究，这是我们更好地理解 TRPV1 在不同人类疾病中的作用的基础。
