Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Scand J Immunol. 2019 Nov;90(5):e12807. doi: 10.1111/sji.12807. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
Exosomes are a potent means for intercellular communication. However, exosomes have received intensive research focus in immunobiology only relatively recently. Because they transport proteins, lipids and genetic material between cells, they are especially suited to amplify their parental cell's message and overcome the physical constraints of cell-to-cell contact, that is exosome release gives cells the ability to alter distant, non-contiguous cells. As progress is made in this field, it has become increasingly obvious that exosomes are involved in most biological processes. In the immune system, exosomes are fundamental tools used by every immune cell type to fulfil its function and promote inflammation or tolerance. In this review, we first summarize key aspects of immune cell-specific exosomes and their functions. Then, we describe how exosomes have been shown to be indispensable orchestrators of the immune response in two immunological scenarios, namely transplant rejection or tolerance, and tumour evasion or initiation of anti-tumour immune responses.
外泌体是细胞间通讯的有效手段。然而，外泌体在免疫生物学中的研究焦点只是相对较近的事情。由于它们在细胞之间运输蛋白质、脂质和遗传物质，因此特别适合放大其亲本细胞的信息，并克服细胞间接触的物理限制，即外泌体的释放使细胞具有改变远处非连续细胞的能力。随着该领域的进展，越来越明显的是，外泌体参与了大多数生物过程。在免疫系统中，外泌体是每种免疫细胞类型发挥其功能并促进炎症或耐受所必需的基本工具。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了免疫细胞特异性外泌体及其功能的关键方面。然后，我们描述了外泌体如何被证明是两种免疫情况（移植排斥或耐受，以及肿瘤逃避或启动抗肿瘤免疫反应）中免疫反应不可或缺的协调者。
