Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2019 Oct;67(5):295-309. doi: 10.1007/s00005-019-00552-7. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
Macrophages (MФs) are the leukocytes produced from differentiation of monocytes and are located in almost all tissues of human body. They are involved in various processes, such as phagocytosis, innate and adaptive immunity, proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) activity, depending on the tissue microenvironment. They play a crucial role in pregnancy, and their dysfunction or alteration of polarity is involved in pregnancy disorders, like preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortion, infertility, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm labor. About 50-60% of decidual leukocytes are natural killer (NK) cells followed by MФs (the second largest population). MФs are actively involved in trophoblast invasion, tissue and vascular remodeling during early pregnancy, besides their role as major antigen-presenting cells in the decidua. These cells have different phenotypes and polarities in different stages of pregnancy. They have also been observed to enhance tumor growth by their anti-inflammatory activity (M2 type) and prevent immunogenic rejection. Targeted alteration of polarity (M1-M2 or vice versa) could be a major focus in the future treatment of pregnancy complications. This review is focused on the role of MФs in pregnancy, their involvement in pregnancy disorders, and decidual MФs as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of pregnancy complications.
巨噬细胞（MФ）是由单核细胞分化而来的白细胞，存在于人体几乎所有组织中。它们根据组织微环境参与各种过程，如吞噬作用、先天和适应性免疫、促炎（M1）和抗炎（M2）活性。它们在妊娠中起着至关重要的作用，其功能障碍或极性改变与妊娠疾病有关，如子痫前期、复发性自然流产、不孕、胎儿宫内生长受限和早产。约 50-60%的蜕膜白细胞是自然杀伤（NK）细胞，其次是 MФ（第二大群体）。MФ 积极参与滋养细胞浸润、组织和血管重塑，除了它们作为主要抗原呈递细胞在蜕膜中的作用。这些细胞在妊娠的不同阶段具有不同的表型和极性。它们还通过抗炎活性（M2 型）促进肿瘤生长，并防止免疫原性排斥。极性的靶向改变（M1-M2 或反之亦然）可能是未来妊娠并发症治疗的主要重点。这篇综述重点介绍了 MФ 在妊娠中的作用、它们在妊娠疾病中的参与以及作为治疗妊娠并发症的可能治疗靶点的蜕膜 MФ。
