The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA; Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, 02111, MA, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, 04469, ME, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
Neurosci Lett. 2019 Sep 14;709:134373. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134373. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
Acquisition of cell polarity generates signaling and cytoskeletal asymmetry and thus underpins polarized cell behaviors during tissue morphogenesis. In epithelial tissues, both apical-basal polarity and planar polarity, which refers to cell polarization along an axis orthogonal to the apical-basal axis, are essential for epithelial morphogenesis and function. A prime example of epithelial planar polarity can be found in the auditory sensory epithelium (or organ of Corti, OC). Sensory hair cells, the sound receptors, acquire a planar polarized apical cytoskeleton which is uniformely oriented along an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the cochlear duct. Both cell-intrinsic and tissue-level planar polarity are necessary for proper perception of sound. Here we review recent insights into the novel roles and mechanisms of planar polarity signaling gained from genetic analysis in mice, focusing mainly on the OC but also with some discussions on the vestibular sensory epithelia.
细胞极性的获得产生信号和细胞骨架的不对称性，从而为组织形态发生过程中极化的细胞行为提供基础。在上皮组织中，顶端-基底极性和平面极性（指沿着与顶端-基底轴正交的轴细胞极化）对于上皮形态发生和功能都是必需的。上皮平面极性的一个主要例子可以在听觉感觉上皮（或柯蒂氏器，OC）中找到。感觉毛细胞，即声音感受器，获得了一种平面极化的顶端细胞骨架，其沿着与耳蜗管纵轴正交的轴均匀定向。细胞内固有和组织水平的平面极性对于正确感知声音都是必要的。在这里，我们综述了近年来通过小鼠遗传分析获得的平面极性信号的新作用和机制的新见解，主要集中在 OC 上，但也对前庭感觉上皮进行了一些讨论。
