Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of the Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Sports Biomech. 2021 Sep;20(6):693-705. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1597155. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
This study aimed to explore the differences in the load-velocity profile between three upper-body pushing exercises in men and women. The load-velocity profiles (from 20% to 100% of the one-repetition maximum [1RM] in 5% increments) of 24 sport sciences students (12 men) were randomly tested during the horizontal bench press (HBP), inclined bench press (IBP) and seated military press (SMP) exercises. The 1RM was higher for the HBP (men: 94.2 ± 14.6 kg; women: 45.4 ± 10.1 kg), followed by the IBP (men: 87.7 ± 11.6 kg; women: 41.6 ± 6.6 kg), and finally the SMP (men: 67.4 ± 7.8 kg; women: 37.3 ± 6.3 kg). The mean test velocity (i.e., averaged velocity of all loads) and the slope of the load-velocity profile were significantly different between exercises (SMP > IBP > HBP) and sexes (men > women). The correlations between the exercises were very high for the individual 1RM values ( range = 0.714-0.982), but lower correlations were observed for the mean test velocity ( range = 0.237-0.766) slope of the load-velocity profile ( range = 0.018-0.721), and velocity of the 1RM ( range = 0.004-0.446). These results confirm that men present higher velocities at low relative loads (i.e., %1RM) compared to women during upper-body pushing exercises.
本研究旨在探讨男性和女性三种上半身推类运动的负荷-速度特征的差异。24 名运动科学专业学生（12 名男性）在进行水平卧推（HBP）、上斜卧推（IBP）和坐姿推肩（SMP）运动时，随机测试了其负荷-速度曲线（从 1RM 的 20%到 100%，以 5%的增量递增）。HBP 的 1RM 更高（男性：94.2±14.6 千克；女性：45.4±10.1 千克），其次是 IBP（男性：87.7±11.6 千克；女性：41.6±6.6 千克），最后是 SMP（男性：67.4±7.8 千克；女性：37.3±6.3 千克）。平均测试速度（即所有负荷的平均速度）和负荷-速度曲线的斜率在运动之间（SMP>IBP>HBP）和性别之间（男性>女性）存在显著差异。各 1RM 值的相关性非常高（范围=0.714-0.982），但平均测试速度（范围=0.237-0.766）和负荷-速度曲线斜率（范围=0.018-0.721）的相关性较低，以及 1RM 的速度（范围=0.004-0.446）的相关性较低。这些结果证实，与女性相比，男性在上半身推类运动中，在较低的相对负荷（即 1RM%）下表现出更高的速度。
