School of Physics and the Ryan Institute , National University of Ireland , Galway , H91TK33 , Ireland.
School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Aug 20;53(16):9826-9836. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02059. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Concentrations of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 13 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) were measured in indoor air and dust collected from Irish homes, cars, offices, and primary schools during 2016-2017. Median concentrations of DBDPE in air (88 pg/m) and dust (6500 ng/g) significantly exceed those previously reported internationally, with concentrations highest in offices and schools, suggesting that DBDPE is widely used in Ireland. Median concentrations of BDE-209 in air (340 pg/m) and dust (7100 ng/g) exceed or are within the range of concentrations reported recently for the same microenvironments in the U.K., and exceed those reported in many other countries. Concentrations of BDE-209 in cars exceeded significantly ( < 0.05) those in other microenvironments. HBCDD was detected in all dust samples (median: 580 ng/g), and in 81% of air samples (median: 24 pg/m) at concentrations similar to those reported recently for the U.K. and elsewhere. Estimates of exposure to DBDPE of Irish adults (92 ng/day) and toddlers (210 ng/day) as well as to BDE-209 (220 ng/day and 650 ng/day for adults and toddlers, respectively) substantially exceed those reported for the U.K. population. Moreover, our estimates of exposure of the Irish population to Σtrideca-PBDEs exceed previous estimates for Ireland via dietary exposure.
2016-2017 年，在爱尔兰的家庭、汽车、办公室和小学中采集了室内空气和灰尘样本，测量了其中十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）、13 种多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）的浓度。空气中 DBDPE 的浓度（88 pg/m）和灰尘中的浓度（6500 ng/g）明显高于国际上此前的报告值，浓度在办公室和学校中最高，表明 DBDPE 在爱尔兰被广泛使用。空气中 BDE-209 的浓度（340 pg/m）和灰尘中的浓度（7100 ng/g）高于或在英国近期相同微环境报告的浓度范围内，高于许多其他国家的报告值。汽车中的 BDE-209 浓度显著高于（<0.05）其他微环境中的浓度。所有灰尘样本均检测到 HBCDD（中位数：580 ng/g），81%的空气样本（中位数：24 pg/m）也检测到 HBCDD，浓度与英国和其他地方近期的报告值相似。爱尔兰成年人（92 ng/天）和幼儿（210 ng/天）接触 DBDPE 的估计值以及成年人和幼儿接触 BDE-209 的估计值（分别为 220 ng/天和 650 ng/天）远高于英国人口的报告值。此外，我们对爱尔兰人群接触 Σtrideca-PBDEs 的估计值通过饮食暴露途径超过了此前对爱尔兰的估计值。
