Hyttinen Anne-Maarit, Häkkinen Keijo
Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland -
Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Dec;59(12):1944-1950. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09530-6. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the levels of endurance and neuromuscular performance variables in female horseback riders.
52 female Finnish riders were involved (age 29.4±8.9 yrs, height 1.68±0.06 m, weight 67.5±10.0 kg), 19 show-jumping riders (SJ) and 33 eventing riders (E), riding-time minimum of 4 times/week, jumping level of minimum 1.06±0.11m. The measurements were maximal bilateral isometric leg press force (MVCLP), maximal unilateral isometric knee extension (MVCKE) and flexion forces (MVCKF), countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal isometric force of the trunk extensor and flexor muscles (MVCE, MVCF), weight distribution of the body (WD), handgrip strength (HGS), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lactate threshold (L) and heart rate (HR).
Mean force in MVCLP was 1887(±455) N, MVCKE right/left 633(±134)/628(±138) N and MVCKF right/left 420(±79)/411(±74) N, respectively. CMJ height was 19.8(±3.9) cm and trunk forces in MVCE 51.2(±13.7) kg and MVCF 61.3(±11.4) kg. Mean WD in the right/left side was 50.5(±2.2)/49.5(±2.2) % and mean HGS of the right/left hand 39.9(±5.1)/39.2(±4.9) kg, respectively. Mean VO2max in the cycle ergometer test was 32.1(±4.5) mL/kg/min, HRmax 184.5(±9.6) beat/min, timemax to exhaustion 18.50(±2.50) min and Lmax 10.2(±2.1) mmol/L.
SJ and E groups did not differ significantly from each other in any of the variables. MVCLP, MVCE and MVCF were at about the same level but VO2max somewhat below compared to non-athletic Finnish women of the same age. It would seem that the present female riders would obtain benefits from additional strength training for both maximal and explosive strength gains.
本研究旨在检测女性马术骑手的耐力水平和神经肌肉性能变量。
纳入52名芬兰女性骑手（年龄29.4±8.9岁，身高1.68±0.06米，体重67.5±10.0千克），其中19名场地障碍赛骑手（SJ）和33名三项赛骑手（E），每周骑行时间至少4次，跳跃高度至少1.06±0.11米。测量指标包括双侧最大等长腿推举力（MVCLP）、单侧最大等长膝关节伸展力（MVCKE）和屈曲力（MVCKF）、纵跳（CMJ）、躯干伸肌和屈肌的最大等长力（MVCE、MVCF）、身体重量分布（WD）、握力（HGS）、最大摄氧量（VO2max）、乳酸阈（L）和心率（HR）。
MVCLP的平均力为1887（±455）牛，MVCKE右侧/左侧分别为633（±134）/628（±138）牛，MVCKF右侧/左侧分别为420（±79）/411（±74）牛。CMJ高度为19.8（±3.9）厘米，MVCE时躯干力为51.2（±13.7）千克，MVCF时为61.3（±11.4）千克。右侧/左侧的平均WD分别为50.5（±2.2）%/49.5（±2.2）%，右手/左手的平均HGS分别为39.9（±5.1）/39.2（±4.9）千克。在自行车测力计测试中，平均VO2max为32.1（±4.5）毫升/千克/分钟，最大心率（HRmax）为184.5（±9.6）次/分钟，疲劳时间最大值为18.50（±2.50）分钟，最大乳酸阈（Lmax）为10.2（±2.1）毫摩尔/升。
SJ组和E组在任何变量上均无显著差异。MVCLP、MVCE和MVCF处于大致相同水平，但与同龄非运动员芬兰女性相比，VO2max略低。目前的女性骑手似乎可以从额外的力量训练中受益，以提高最大力量和爆发力。
