Hyttinen Anne-Maarit, Häkkinen Keijo
Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland -
Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020 Jun;60(6):814-822. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10380-3. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of strength (S), endurance (E) and concurrent strength and endurance (SE) training on neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory characteristics during the 12-week volume-equated protocols in female horseback riders.
Subjects (N.=44) (29.4±8.9 yrs) were assigned to S (N.=11), E (N.=11), SE (N.=13) and control (C) (N.=9) groups. Training consisted of progressive S, E or SE training 3x/week and riding exercise 4-6x/week. The measurements included maximal isometric bilateral leg press force (MVCLP) and EMG of VL and BF muscles, rapid isometric force production (0-500ms), maximal force of trunk extensor/flexors (MVCE/MVCF), countermovement-jump (CMJ), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), cycling-time (Timemax), blood lactate (L) and heart rate (HR) in the bicycle-ergometer test.
Only group S showed significant increases of 9% in MVCLP (P<0.01) and 3% in MVCE (P<0.05) forces. None of the groups showed significant increases in CMJ, rapid isometric force production or EMG. Timemax in the ergometer test increased significantly in S (P<0.05), SE (P<0.05) and E (P<0.01) with significant increases in VO2max in E (P<0.05) and SE (P<0.01).
The present strength-training program led to the significant gain in maximal strength in S but not in SE, maybe due to some interference effects produced by the actual endurance training and riding related endurance training. All groups increased significantly Timemax but VO2max increased only in E and SE. It would be useful for female horseback riders to perform combined SE training and to perform S training periodically to insure gains in strength, when needed.
本研究旨在调查力量（S）、耐力（E）以及力量与耐力同步训练（SE）对女性骑手进行为期12周、训练量相等的训练方案期间神经肌肉和心肺功能特征的影响。
将44名受试者（年龄29.4±8.9岁）分为S组（n=11）、E组（n=11）、SE组（n=13）和对照组（C组，n=9）。训练包括每周3次的渐进式S、E或SE训练以及每周4至6次的骑马练习。测量指标包括双侧最大等长腿部推举力量（MVCLP）以及股外侧肌（VL）和股二头肌（BF）的肌电图、快速等长力量产生（0至500毫秒）、躯干伸肌/屈肌的最大力量（MVCE/MVCF）、反向纵跳（CMJ）、最大摄氧量（VO2max）、骑行时间（Timemax）、血乳酸（L）以及自行车测力计测试中的心率（HR）。
只有S组的MVCLP力量显著增加了9%（P<0.01），MVCE力量显著增加了3%（P<0.05）。所有组的CMJ、快速等长力量产生或肌电图均未显示出显著增加。测力计测试中的Timemax在S组（P<0.05）、SE组（P<0.05）和E组（P<0.01）中显著增加，E组（P<0.05）和SE组（P<0.01）中的VO2max显著增加。
目前的力量训练方案使S组的最大力量显著增加，但SE组未增加，这可能是由于实际耐力训练和与骑行相关的耐力训练产生了一些干扰效应。所有组的Timemax均显著增加，但VO2max仅在E组和SE组中增加。对于女性骑手来说，进行SE联合训练并在需要时定期进行S训练以确保力量增加是有益的。
